Nitrobenzene decane

When nitrobenzene alone is used as a solvent (170 C) and with slow cooling, lamellar single crystals are obtained. Their electron diffractograms have an oblique cell (plane group p2). With a mixture of nitrobenzene/decane (65/35) or nitrobenzene/ hexane the dissolution temperature is reduced to about 70 C. 

Every liquid interface is usually electrified by ion separation, dipole orientation, or both (Section II). It is convenient to distinguish two groups of immiscible liquid-liquid interfaces water-polar solvent, such as nitrobenzene and 1,2-dichloroethane, and water-nonpolar solvent, e.g., octane or decane interfaces. For the second group it is impossible to investigate the interphase electrochemical equilibria and the Galvani potentials, whereas it is normal practice for the first group (Section III). On the other hand, these systems are very important as parts of the voltaic cells. They make it possible to measure the surface potential differences and the adsorption potentials (Section IV). 

When the same reaction is performed with adamantanone dinitrophenylhydrazone (DNP) or adamantanone O-mcthyloxime (OMO), the yields of 2,2-difluoroadamantanc are 65 and 50%, respectively. 4-tert-Butylcyclohexanone is converted via its azine, DNP or OMO into 4-tert-butyl-l.l-difluorocyclohexanc in 65, 75 or 50% yield, respectively. Similar results are obtained with aliphatic straight-chain ketones. Decan-2-one azine and decan-2-one DNP can be transformed into 2,2-difluorodecane in 60 and 80% yield. Deactivated aromatic rings, e.g. in 3-nitroacetophenone, do not undergo bromination with bromine trifluoride and the action of 2 equivalents of bromine trifluoride on 3-nitroacetophenone O-methyloxime results in 90% yield of 1-(1. l-difluorocthylj-S-nitrobenzene.122... 

H20, alcohols, ethers, esters, ketones, nitriles, benzene, toluene H20, alcohols, nitriles, decane, toluene, butyl acetate, nitrobenzene... 

Gas chromatography has found some applications in the determination of simple aromatics in water. Mel kanovitskaya [31] has described a method for determining C6-C8 aromatics in subterranean waters. In this method the sample (25-50mL) is adjusted to pH8-9 and extracted for 3min with 0.5 or l.OmL of nitrobenzene the extract is washed with 0.3mL of 5% hydrochloric acid or 5% sodium hydroxide solution and with 0.3mL of water adjusted to pH7. The purified extract is subjected to gas chromatography at 85°C on a column (lm><4mm) packed with 15% of polyoxyethylene glycol 2000 on Celite 545 (60-80 mesh) and operated with nitrogen (lOmL min ) as carrier gas, decane as internal standard and flame ionisation detection. 

In the extraction systems with octanoic acid, Gindin et al. (38) revealed that the formation of dimeric cobalt(II) and nickel(II) oc-tanoates tended to decrease with increasing dielectric constant of the organic solvent decane > benzene > a-chloronaphthalene > chloroform > nitrobenzene > 3-methyl-l-butanol. Because 3-methyl-l-butanol is a solvating solvent, no dimerization of Co(II) and Ni(II) octanoates was observed in this solvent. 

Cobalt(II) salts are effective catalysts for the oxidation of 1,2-glycols with molecular oxygen in aprotic polar solvents such as pyridine, 4-cyanopyridine, benzonitrile, DMF, anisole, chlorobenzene and sulfolane. Water, primary alcohols, fatty acids and nitrobenzene are not suitable as solvents. Aldehydic products are further oxidized under the reaction conditions. Thus, the oxidative fission of rram-cyclo-hexane-l,2-diol gives a mixture of aldehydes and acids. However, the method is of value in the preparation of carboxylic acids from vicinal diols on an industrial scale for example, decane-1,2-diol is cleaved by oxygen, catalyzed by cobalt(II) laurate, to produce nonanoic acid in 70% yield. ... 

In general aliphatics are preferred to aromatics as they are more likely to meet most of the listed requirements. To date the most commonly used diluents for ELM systems include kerosene, isoparaffin, cyclohexane, toluene, Shellsol T, heptane, decane, dodecane, nitrobenzene, SIOON, and Escaid 110. The pros and cons of specific diluents will be discussed in Section 25.4.2.1. 

Nonaqueous two-phase systems employ two largely immiscible liquids. Examples include dissolving the Lewis base in acetonitrile, nitrobenzene, or 2,5-hexadione and the organometallic acid chloride in a nonpolar organic liquid such as hexane, decane, or carbon tetrachloride. 

Nitromethane-ethyl glycol Ethanol-methyl iodide Decane - nitrobenzene Ethanol - naphthalene... 

Diacetone 9.77 Cyclohexanone 10.42 NN-dinetlyl formamide 11.79 1,4-Dioxane 10.13 Acetone 9.62 l-Metlyl-2-pyrrolidone 11.00 Tetralydrofuran 9.10 Methylacetate 9.46 cydopentanone 10.53 Ethyl acetate 8.91 Dimethyl sulfoxide 13.00 Methyl ethyl ketone 9.45 Methyl isobutyl ketone 8.40 Methyl benzoate 10.19 Toluene 8.93 Nitrobenzene 10.00 Metlylene chloride 9.88 Ethylene dichloride 9.86 Chlorobenzene 9.67 Benzene 9.16 Chloix> orm 9.16 Ifexane 7.27 cyclohexane 8.19 Carbon tetrachloride 8.55 Pentane 7.02 Decane 7.74... 

The nature of the extractable species in the solvent extraction of aqueous complexes of La(III), Eu(III) and Lu(III) with macrocyclic ligands 1,7-diaza-4,10,13-trioxacyclopenta-decane-N, N -diacetic acid (DAPDA) and 1, lO-diaza-4,7,13,16-tetraoxacyclooctadecane-N, N -diacetic acid (DACDA) using thenoyltrifluoroacetone (HTTA) as the extractant in chloroform, nitrobenzene and benzene, has been compared by Manchanda et al. (1988). The extraction reaction is... 

Figure 5.24 Effect of added solubilizates on the cloud point of 2% Triton X-100 solutions. Solubilizates (1) cetane (2) dodecane (3) decane (4) tetradecene-1 (5) n-tetradecyl mercaptan (6) acetone (7) citric acid (8) n-octene (9) hexane (10) 2-ethylhexene (11) cyclohexane (12) aniline (13) butyl acetate (14) ethylene dichloride (15) phenol and oleic acid (16) n-dodecanol and nitrobenzene (17) benzene. From McLay [184] with permission.

The benzene hydrocarbons give a cluster of lines well over on the left of the R-line, and lines for nitrobenzene and certain other benzene derivatives are in the mid-position on the left, i.e., are convex upward. The line for n-decane is well over on the left. The AlMeWHa value for chloroform shows the functioning of the hydrogen bonding... 

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