Reaction with nitric oxide

Studies related to the mechanisms of nitric oxide reactions with transition metal complexes in this laboratory were supported by grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation, by a Collaborative UC/Los Alamos National Laboratory Research grant, by a grant from the U.S. Japan Cooperative Research Program (Photoconversion/ Photosynthesis) (NSF INT 9116346), and by a grant from the ACS Petroleum Research Fund. We thank the students and postdoctoral fellows at UC Santa Barbara who participated in this research and acknowledge collaborative studies with Dr. David Wink (National Cancer Institute, Bethesda MD, USA), Dr. Mikio Hoshino (RIKEN, Wako-shi, Japan) and Dr. Jon Schoonover (Los Alamos National Laboratory). 

Ruhho, H., Radi, R., Ansehni, D., Kirk, M., Bames, S., Butler, J., Fiserich, J. P., and Freeman, B. A., 2000, Nitric oxide reaction with hpid peroxyl radicals spares alpha-tocopherol during hpid peroxidation. Greater oxidant protection from the pair nitric oxide/alpha-tocopherol than alpha-tocopherol/ascorbate, J. Biol. Chem. 275 10812-10818. 

We conclude our discussion of nitric oxide reactions with nitrogen atoms with the report by Gatz, Smith, and Wise157 of the ionizing reaction... 

Rubbo H, Radi R, Anselmi D, Kirk M, Barnes S, Butler J, Eiserich JP, Freeman BA (2000) Nitric oxide reaction with lipid peroxyl radicals spares a-tocopherol during lipid peroxidation. Greater oxidant protection from the pair nitric oxide/a-tocopherol than a-to-copherol/ascorbate. J Biol Chem 275 10812-10818... 

Rubbo H, Radi R, Anselmi D (2000) Nitric oxide reaction with lipid peroxyl radicals spares a-tocopherol during lipid peroxidation. J Biol Chem 275 10812-10818... 

As the equilibrium concentration of N2O2 decreases rapidly with increase in temperature the decrease in rate is explained. However alternative mechanisms have also been suggested. ° l Nitric oxide reacts with the halogens to give XNO (p. 441). Some other facile reactions are listed below ... 

The catalytic activity of ln/H-ZSM-5 for the selective reduction of nitric oxide (NO) with methane was improved by the addition of Pt and Ir which catalyzed NO oxidation, even in the presence of water vapor. It was also found that the precious metal, particularly Ir loaded in/H-ZSM-5 gave a low reaction order with respect to NO, and then showed a high catalytic activity for the reduction of NO at low concentrations, if compared with ln/H-ZSM-5. The latter effect of the precious metal is attributed to the enhancement of the chemisorption of NO and also to the increase in the amount of NO2 adsorbed on in sites. 

These are the most common diazeniumdiolates, formed by the reaction of secondary amines and polyamines with nitric oxide in basic media [214, 215]. They are stable solids, capable of regenerating two equivalents of nitric oxide along with the starting amine in neutral or acidic buffers. The half-life of NO generation varies from a few seconds to many hours, depending on the amine. The decomposition to NO is a spontaneous, first-order reaction at constant pH. 

Bec, N., Gorren, A. C., Voelker, C., Mayer, B., Lange, R., Reaction of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase with oxygen at low temperature. Evidence for reductive activation of the oxy-ferrous complex by tetrahydrobiopterin, J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1998), p. 13502-13508... 

In the chemiluminescent detection of nitrogen oxides, a constant source of ozone reacts with a metered air sample containing nitric oxide. Fontijn et al. suggested that this method could also be used for ozone detection by using a constant nitric oxide source for reaction with ozone in the air sample. The ozone-nitric oxide reaction is carried out at reduced pressure, to avoid quenching the chemiluminescent reaction. Detection of the emission in the spectral r on involved (600-3,000 nm) requires using a near-infrared-sensitive photomultiplier tube. The noise of such a photomultiplier tube is reduced by cooling it to about - 20 C. ... 

Several reactions of imines of synthetic utility are reported. Nitric oxide reacts with A-benzylidene-4-methoxyaniline (18) in ether to give 4-methoxybenzenediazonium nitrate (19) and benzaldehyde. Two mechanisms are proposed, both involving nitrosodiazene (20), and the preferred route is suggested to involve direct electrophilic reaction of NO to the imine double bond, favoured by the polarity of the latter. 

The direct reaction of superoxide with nitric oxide is only one of at least four possible pathways that can form peroxynitrite (Fig. 40). For example, superoxide should also efficiently reduce nitrosyldioxyl radical to peroxynitrite. Alternatively, nitric oxide may be reduced to nitroxyl anion, which reacts with oxygen to form peroxynitrite. Superoxide dismutase could even catalyze the formation of peroxynitrite, since reduced (Cu or cuprous) superoxide dismutase can reduce nitric oxide to nitroxyl anion (Murphy and Sies, 1991). Thus, superoxide might first reduce superoxide dismutase to the cuprous form, with nitric oxide reacting with reduced superoxide dismutase to produce nitroxyl anion. A fourth pathway to form peroxynitrite is by the rapid reaction of nitrosonium ion (NO" ) with hydrogen peroxide. This is a convenient synthetic route for experimental studies (Reed et al., 1974), but not likely to be physiologically relevant due to the low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and the difficulty of oxidizing nitric oxide to nitrosonium ion. 

As noted earlier, peroxynitrite is formed with a diffusion-controlled rate from superoxide and nitric oxide (Reaction 10). As both these radicals are ubiquitous species, which present practically in all cells and tissues, peroxynitrite can be the most important species responsible for free radical-mediated damage in biological systems. Moreover, it is now known that NO synthases are capable of producing superoxide and nitric oxide simultaneously (see Chapter 22), greatly increasing the possible rate of peroxynitrite production. In addition, another enzyme xanthine dehydrogenase is also able to produce peroxynitrite in the presence of nitrite... 

In alkaline solution, oxidation may be brought about by hvdroxylamine or nitric oxide thus with the former the following reactions occur concurrently 1... 

After it escapes into the atmosphere with the other exhaust gases, the nitric oxide reacts with oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide, one of the precursors of acid rain. Write the two balanced equations for the reactions leading to the formation of nitrogen dioxide. 

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