Nitric oxide reaction with atomic

We conclude our discussion of nitric oxide reactions with nitrogen atoms with the report by Gatz, Smith, and Wise157 of the ionizing reaction... 

Formation of C02 from C1C(0)02 may also occur by reaction with atomic oxygen (equation 85) or chlorine (equation 86). Furthermore, the chloroformylperoxy radical is reduced by nitric oxide (equation 87), like its fluorine analogue. However, the resulting chloroformyloxy radical C1C(0)0 is very unstable, and the exothermicity of reaction 87 would cause dissociation (equation 88) into C02 and atomic Cl. 

Foirmation of nitroxide and iminoxy radicals is enhanced by ultraviolet radiation. This indicates that the photochemical dissociation of NO2 into nitric oxide and oxygen atoms plays an important role in the reaction with double bonds. 

The catalytic destruction of ozone by NO is the most important process that occurs in the middle and upper stratosphere. We should stress here that this process is possible even in unpolluted atmosphere since small amounts of nitrous oxide, N2O, from biological denitrification have always been present in the stratosphere, which is the precursor of nitric oxide, NO, in reaction with atomic oxygen (reaction (11)). Most collisions with atomic oxygen form N2 and O2, but a few form NO (see also Section 4)... 

Wohler and Liebig prepared the derivatives of uric acid by fairly simple oxidation reactions with nitric acid etc., and reduction reactions, and speculated on the relations of the compounds and their constitution . Xanthic oxide they correctly found contains an atom of oxygen less than uric acid its present name xanthine was proposed by Gmelin, Allantoin was discovered by Buniva and Vauquelin and further investigated by Wohler. Wohler and Liebig obtained it by oxidising uric acid with a suspension of lead dioxide. 

As we noted earlier, the rate of reaction depends on temperature. This shows up in the rate law through the rate constant, which is found to vary with temperature. In most cases, the rate increases with temperature (Figure 14.11). Consider the reaction of nitric oxide, NO, with chlorine, CI2, to give nitrosyl chloride, NOCl, and chlorine atoms. 

Ammonia is the precursor for many other chemicals such as nitric acid, hydrazine, acrylonitrile, and hexamethylenediamine. Ammonia, having three hydrogen atoms per molecule, may be viewed as an energy source. It has been proposed that anhydrous liquid ammonia may be used as a clean fuel for the automotive industry. Compared with hydrogen, anhydrous ammonia is more manageable. It is stored in iron or steel containers and could be transported commercially via pipeline, railroad tanker cars, and highway tanker trucks. The oxidation reaction could be represented as ... 

Kushto, G. R, Andrews, L., 1999, Infrared Spectroscopic and Density Functional Theoretical Investigation of the Reaction Products of Laser-Ablated Zr, Hf, and Th Atoms With Nitric Oxide , J. Phys. Chem. A, 103, 4836. 

In order to calculate the steady-state concentration of ozone in the stratosphere, we need to balance the rate of production of odd oxygen with its rate of destruction. Chapman originally thought that the destruction was due to the reaction O + 03 —> 2O2, but we now know that this pathway is a minor sink compared to the catalytic destruction of 03 by the trace species OH, NO, and Cl. The former two of these are natural constituents of the atmosphere, formed primarily in the photodissociation of water or nitric oxide, respectively. The Cl atoms are produced as the result of manmade chlorofluorocarbons, which are photodissociated by sunlight in the stratosphere to produce free chlorine atoms. It was Rowland and Molina who proposed in 1974 that the reactions Cl + 03 —> CIO + O2 followed by CIO + O —> Cl + O2 could act to reduce the concentration of stratospheric ozone.10 The net result of ah of these catalytic reactions is 2O3 — 3O2. 

Gas phase third-order reactions are rarely encountered in engineering practice. Perhaps the best-known examples of third-order reactions are atomic recombination reactions in the presence of a third body in the gas phase and the reactions of nitric oxide with chlorine and oxygen (2NO T Cl2 -> 2NOC1 2NO + 02 -> 2N02). 

Formation of the bicyclic lithiated intermediate 8 is considered to be a two-step process whereby the nitrogen atom of nitric oxide attaches to the Cl atom of propynyllithium. Addition of a second molecule of nitric oxide gives intermediate 8 that on reaction with water produces 5-methyl-l,2,3-oxatriazole 3-oxide 9 (Scheme 1). Calculated, optimized geometry and bond lengths for stmcture 9 together with calculated infrared (IR) and Raman spectra are reported <2005JOC5045>. 

The associative reaction of oxygen atoms with nitric oxide produces the yellow-green chemiluminescence in the air afterglow, easily seen by the naked eye. The reaction has long been used to measure the concentrations of O atoms in kinetics experiments [49-51] and is so bright that it has been used to visualize... 

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