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Henbane Hyoscyamus Niger

Melchers chose henbane for his experiments. Hyoscyamus is familiar as a component of the witches ointments of the Middle Ages which can give rise to certain kinds of hallucinations. Inspite of its dubious past the species turned out to be extremely useful in investigations of vernalization and also of photoperiodism. [Pg.290]

An annual and a biennial breed of Hyoscyamus nigerMQ known. The annual flowers in the same year in which it is sown. In the first year the biennial forms only a rosette of leaves that is attached to the soil and with which it passes the winter. After vernalization brought about by the cold of winter it forms flowers in the second year provided that the days are long enough (Fig. 232). Long days prevail in our latitudes in the summer. The difference between the annual and biennial breeds has also been shown to be genetically determined. Of the many facts discovered first by [Pg.290]

Melchers and then Lang we shall mention only a few that are relevant and helpful in this connection. The first important finding was that, in the case of the biennials, the low temperature must be presented first and then the long day afterwards. The same external conditions presented in the reverse order do not act inductively. Thus, in Hyoscyamus there are linked in series in this, and only in this order processes which are dependent on low temperatures and processes which are dependent on long days. [Pg.291]

This assumption was made the more reasonable by the fact that a mutual growing together of the two tissues was not always necessary. Sometimes a close contact of the tissues did, no doubt, make the migration of the florigen from the donor to the recipient possible. Apparently agar too can transmit the florigen. [Pg.291]


The oldest drugs of this group are different galena drugs isolated from belladonna (Atropa belladonna), henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), and stramonium (Datura stramonium). They are all obtained from plants that contain the L-hiocyamine and a somewhat lesser qnantity of L-scopolamine. As a mnscarinic receptor blocker, L-hioscyamine is mnch more active that D-hioscyamine on both the periphery as well as on the CNS however, a racemic mixture of D,L-hioscyamine— known better as atropine—is preferred in the majority of medical cases because it is readily available. [Pg.196]

The atropine series contains a number of very closely allied alkaloids of which the chief are atropine, hyoscyamine, and hyoscine (also called scopolamine). They are found in the roots and leaves of many plants of the Solanaceae, notably belladonna (Atropa belladonna), henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), the thorn apple or jimson weed (Datura stramonium), and some members of the Duboisia and Scopolia genera. These plants were used during the Middle Ages as sorcerer s drugs and have been smoked, chewed, or imbibed in the form of decoctions by primitive people for the hallucinations and frenzy they produce (Figure 14.1). [Pg.196]

FIGURE 14.3 The henbane (Hyoscyamus niger Linne), a member of the nightshade family, whose leaves, with or without the tops, constitute the official drug Hyoscyamus and are a source of the valuable medicinal alkaloids hyoscyamine and scopolamine. [Pg.200]

HENBANE -- Hyoscyamus niger L. Family Solanaceae (Potato family). [Pg.10]

Henbane Hyoscyamus niger 0.04%-0.28% hyoscyamine in leaves Anticholinergic toxicity More sedating than belladonna... [Pg.77]

Atropine is a racemic compound but the (S)-enantiomer occurs in henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) and was given a different name, hyoscyamine, before the structures were known. In fact, hyoscyamine racemizes very easily juston heating in water or on treatment with weak base. This is probably what happens in the deadly nightshade plant. [Pg.1416]

Henbane Hyoscyamus niger) is a poisonous annual or biennial herb of the nightshade family, introduced into this country from Europe and occasionally found as a weed in a number of the Northern States. The leaves, flowering tops, and sometimes the seeds are used medicinally. [Pg.175]

Atropine is the racemic form of the alkaloid /-hyoscyamine. The latter is a common tropane alkaloid found in solanaceous plants, such as belladonna (Atropa belladonna), henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), and the deadly nightshade (Datura stramonium). During extraction, Z-hyoscyamine is readily racemized to atropine, which does not occur naturally in more than traces. [Pg.209]

Black henbane Hyoscyamus niger 1 Anticholinergic alkaloids (see p 84)... [Pg.311]

Fig. 232. The biennial variety of henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) md its formation of flowers under defined conditions of temperature and light (from Ruge 1966). Fig. 232. The biennial variety of henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) md its formation of flowers under defined conditions of temperature and light (from Ruge 1966).
A racemic mixture of hyoscyamine, the principal tropane alkaloid of Belladonna herb (Atropa belladonna), henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) or stramonium leaf (Datura stramonium) used in medicine when temporary reversible muscarinic blockade is needed, for example, to overcome bradycardia, as an antidote for overdose of cholinergic drugs or cholinesterase poisoning. [Pg.272]


See other pages where Henbane Hyoscyamus Niger is mentioned: [Pg.181]    [Pg.388]    [Pg.390]    [Pg.48]    [Pg.25]    [Pg.70]    [Pg.34]    [Pg.32]    [Pg.720]    [Pg.310]    [Pg.326]    [Pg.339]    [Pg.38]    [Pg.16]    [Pg.110]    [Pg.56]    [Pg.721]    [Pg.166]    [Pg.326]    [Pg.307]    [Pg.82]    [Pg.34]    [Pg.110]    [Pg.6]    [Pg.861]    [Pg.290]    [Pg.269]    [Pg.10]   


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