Nicotiana tabacum Solanaceae

Lobelia or Indian tobacco consists of the dried leaves and tops of Lobelia inflata (Campanulaceae), an annual herb from the USA and Canada. Lobelia contains about 0.2-0.4% of alkaloids, of which the piperidine derivative lobeline (Figure 6.23) is the chief constituent. Minor alkaloids identified include closely related structures, e.g. lobelanine (Figure 6.23). The North American Indians employed lobelia as an alternative or substitute for tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum Solanaceae), and it is found that lobeline stimulates nicotinic receptor sites in a similar way to nicotine, but with a weaker effect. Lobeline has been employed in preparations intended as smoking deterrents. The crude plant drug has also long been used to relieve asthma and bronchitis, though in large doses it can be quite toxic. 

The alkaloids found in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum Solanaceae) include nicotine and... 

Methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)- Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae) 0(7 (weak agonist,... 

Nicotiana SRIF-14-like Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae) [Inhibits PGE2-induced... 

Approximately 5 000 naturally abundant acyclic and cyclic diterpenes derived from the parent hydrocarbon phytane are known The (3i ,7i ,ll )-enantiomer of phy-tane has been found in meteorites, oil slate, other sediments and, last but not least, in human liver. Oil slate additionally eontains (-)-(3if,7if,llif)-phytanoic acid which has also been isolated from butter. 1,3(20)-Phytadiene is one among many constituents of tobacco Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae) -1,3-phytadiene and its (%)-isomer are found in zooplankton. Chlorophyll in the chloroplasts of plant cells exemplifies an ester of +)-(lE,lR, l/ )-2-phyten-l-ol usually referred to as phytol. 2,6,10,14-Phytatetraene-l,19-diol, better known as plaunotol, is the ehief constituent of the leaves of flie Thai medicinal plant Croton sublyratus (Euphorbiaceae) used as "plau noi" or "kelnac" as an antiulcerative. 

Various traws-oligoterpenols isolated from the birch Betula verrucosa (Betulaceae) are known as betulaprenols, labeled according to the number of isoprene units that their molecules contain. Betulaprenol-9 also occurs in tobacco Nicotiana tabacum, Solanaceae). Betulaprenol-11 and -12 are found in the leaves of Morus nigra (Moraceae) and in the feces of silk-worms Bombyx mori) eating these leaves. 

Tobacco is derived from the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae), and it was used to treat headache and toothache. However, it is not used as a medicine now, and smoking tobacco is now a global addictive habit. Tobacco leaf contains a large amount of nicotine (2-8%), and the nicotine extracted as nicotine sulfate is used as an insecticide in agriculture. Tobacco leaf contains more than ten related alkaloids other than nicotine, and all of these alkaloids possess a pyridine skeleton with 3-substitution. The main alkaloids other than nicotine, anabasine and nor-nicotine, are isolated from the leaf material, and these alkaloids also possess insecticidal activity. 

Nicotinic acid-derived Solanaceae Nicotiana tabacum (—)-nicotine... 

Fujimori, T., R. Kasuga, H. Kaneko, and M. Noguchi. Isolation of solaveti-vone from Nicotiana tabacum. Phytochemistry 1977 16 392. Kawashima, N., N. Inoue, and M. Noma. Saccharopine from tobacco leaves. Phytochemistry 1978 17 991A. Itoh, T., T. Ishii, T. Tamura, and T. Matsumoto. Four new and other 4-al-pha-methylserols in the seeds of Solanaceae. Phytochemistry 1978 17 971-977. 

Tobacco is a member of the nightshade (Solanaceae) family and its scientific name is Nicotiana tabacum. The name nicotine comes from Nicotiana after the French ambassador Jean Nicot (1530—1600). Nicot became familiar with tobacco when he was serving as ambassador to Portugal. Impressed with its use as a medicinal herb, Nicot sent seeds and cuttings back to the French Queen Catherine de Medici (1519—1589) in 1560, noting its therapeutic properties. Tobacco was called nicotiana and this was used for the scientific name. 

Cistanche salsa (Orobanchaceae) yh 8,522 88 Nicotiana tabacum cv (Solanaceae) abc 41,377 77 Papaver somniferum (Papaveraceae) abf 21,201 84 Spigelia anthelmia (Loganiaceae) pm 52,378 86... 

Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), N. spp. (Solanaceae) also in Asclepias syriaca (Asclepiadaceae), Sedum acre (Crassulaceae), Lycopodium spp., Equisetum arvense (Equisetaceae)... 

Cucumis satims (Cucurbitaceae), Mucuna pruriens, Piptadenia peregrina, Prosopisjuliflora (Fabaceae), Hordeum vulgare, fea mays (Poaceae), Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum, Solanum tuberosum (Solanaceae)... 

COtinine [inn] is an alkaloid from leaf tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and is also detected in Duboisia hopwoodii (Solanaceae). It is a nicotine metabolite, used as a biomarker for exposure to cigarette smoke. It shows ANTIDEPRESSANT and other behavioural effects in animals, cothromboplastin factorVII. 

Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) (Solanaceae) [leaf, stress/wounding-induced] PI-II precursor PI2-1(173 aa 19 kDa 3x8 Cys 3x4 S-S 3 PI domains) Trypsin (K5-E6, domain 1) [499]... 

Nicotine belongs to the Solanaceae (nightshade family) alkaloids. It is the principal alkaloid of tobacco, but occurs also as a trace component in Acacia, Sedum, Erythroxylum, Equisetum and Lycopodium species. The two economically most important tobacco species are Nicotiana tabacum (Virginia tobacco), which grows up to 3 metres in height, has reddish flowers and lancet-shaped, pointed leaves, and the 1.2-metre high Nicotiana rustica species (known in South America as Mapacho and in Vietnam as Thuoc Lao), with greenish-yellow flowers and egg-shaped leaves (Fig. 5.204). 

Tobacco seed oil Nicotiana tabacum and N. rustica, Solanaceae)... 

Nicotiana tabacum, cells, suspension culture Solanaceae Cryst. L L 025) ... 

Nicotine, l-methyl-2 (3-pyridyl) pyrrolidine, is found in tobacco derived from Nicotiana tabacum and other plants of the Solanaceae, including the Australian pituri (Duboisia hopwoodii), whose properties were exploited by the indigenous Australians of the central desert... 

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