Lobelia inflata

From Lobelia inflata L. by extraction of the slightly acidic extract of the drug with chloroform and subsequent purification. 

Lobelia cathechu guvacoline guvacine Lobelia inflata Lobeline Nicotinic ACh agonist... 

Lobelia (Lobelia inflata), also referred to as Indian tobacco, is an annual or biennial herb that grows from 30 to 60 cm in height (Gruenwald et al. 1998). Its leaves are green or yellowish and range from ovate to lanceolate in shape (figure 4.12). Its flowers are a pale violet-blue and the fruit is an ovoid capsule containing many small brown seeds. 

Lobelia (Lobelia inflata). Reprinted from Culbreth DMR. (1927). Materia Medica and Pharmacognosy, 7th ed. Philadelphia Lea Febiger. 

Sopranzi N, De Feo G, Mazzanti G, Braghiroii L. (1991). [The biological and electrophysiological parameters in the rat chronicaiiy treated with Lobelia inflata L]. Clin Ter. 137(4) 265-68. 

Streufert S, Pogash R, Miller J, Gingrich D, Landis R, Lonardi L, Severs W, Roache JD. (1995). Effects of caffeine deprivation on complex human functioning. Psychopharmacology (Berlin). 118(4) 377-84. Stricherz ME, Pratt P. (1976). Betel quid and reaction time. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 4(5) 627-28. Subarnas A, Oshima Y, Sidik, Ohizumi Y. (1992). An antidepressant principle of Lobelia inflata L. (Campanulaceae). J Pharm Sci. 81(7) 620-21. 

Subarnas A, Tadano T, Nakahata N, Aral Y, Kinemuchi H, Oshima Y, Kisara K, Ohizumi Y. (1993b). A possible mechanism of antidepressant activity of beta-amyrin palmitate isolated from Lobelia inflata leaves In the forced swimming test. Life Sci. 52(3) 289-96. 

Other mechanisms, such as the inhibition of -amyloid formation. There are several other alkaloids which are nicotinic agonists at the cholinergic receptor such as lobeline (89) from Lobelia inflata. Lobelia inflata a could be exploited to influence cholinergic function in AD. Sophoramine (90) and cytisine (91), found in members of the Leguminosae, have nicotinic actions but they do not appear to have been developed for any pharmaceutical purposes, probably because of their toxicity. 

Alkaloids with the piperidine nucleus, such as pelletierine (Punica grana-tum), lobelanine Lobelia inflata) and piperine Piper nigrum), have a typical biosynthesis pathway. It starts with L-lysine and continues via cadaverine (biogenic amine), A -piperideine and A -piperidinium cations and lobelanine, to be synthesized as lobeline. Piperine is synthesized from A -piperideine via piperidine (Figure 49). For the transformation from A -piperideine to A -piperideine cation, the residue from acetyl-CoA is needed, together with SAM activity in the transformation to lobelanine. Piperine is synthesized from piperidine through the formation of amide. 

Lobelia inflata, mentat, Morinda citrifolia and officinalis, and Rhazya stricta have all been suggested to have antidepressant properties. There are no controlled studies, however, with any of these herbal products to support these claims. Moreover, these products are not innocuous. 

N.A. Lobelia inflata L. Lobeline, lobelidiol, lobelanidine, carboxylic acid.99-100-289 Respiratory stimulant, antispasmodic, induce vomiting. 

Oxyria digyna, Phragmites communis, Glycine max, Solanum aculeatissimum, S. melongena Lobelia inflata... 

Lithospermum erythrorhizon, L. officinale Lobelia inflata Lobelia inflata... 

Lobelia inflata Strychnos nux-vomica Humulus lupulus... 

Lobelia or Indian tobacco consists of the dried leaves and tops of Lobelia inflata (Campanulaceae), an annual herb from the USA and Canada. Lobelia contains about 0.2-0.4% of alkaloids, of which the piperidine derivative lobeline (Figure 6.23) is the chief constituent. Minor alkaloids identified include closely related structures, e.g. lobelanine (Figure 6.23). The North American Indians employed lobelia as an alternative or substitute for tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum Solanaceae), and it is found that lobeline stimulates nicotinic receptor sites in a similar way to nicotine, but with a weaker effect. Lobeline has been employed in preparations intended as smoking deterrents. The crude plant drug has also long been used to relieve asthma and bronchitis, though in large doses it can be quite toxic. 

Lobelia inflata has for many years been one of the most widely discussed and hotly debated articles used in medicine. While many herbalists contend that it is the most valuable of all botanic remedies, official medicine in England classifies it as a poison. Herbalists who use Lobelia insist that it is most certainly not a poison, and that it can be administered by them in large doses with perfect safety. They use it chiefly as an emetic, and, as its administration brings about the prompt removal of accumulations of mucus, the action in bronchial complaints is speedy and beneficial. Coffin s comments in this connection are enthusiastic "Lobelia is decidedly the most certain and efficient emetic known, and is at the same time safe in its operations. Unlike most emetics from the mineral kingdom, it produces its specific effect without corroding the stomach or producing morbid irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane of this organ, which are so common in the use of antimony, zinc, and the sulphate of copper. Lobelia may emphatically be said to operate in unison with the laws of life. "... 

Lobeline 126, a 2,6-disubstituted /V-mcthy I piperidine, is used as a respiratory stimulant and is also found in the leaves and seeds of Lobelia inflata L. Lobeliaceae (or Indian tobacco) . 

Amyrin palmitate Lobelia inflata (Campanulaceae) T NE-REL [antidepressant]... 

Lobelia inflata (Campanulaceae) [leaf] Semi-synthetic from a-Amyrin... 

Nicotiana tabacum, and lobeline, present in the dried leaves and tops of the herb, Lobelia inflata (13). Both nicotine and lobeline act as agonists on a specific type of acetylcholine receptor, the nicotinic cholinergic receptor. In mammals, nicotinic cholinergic receptors mediate cholinergic neurotransmission in skeletal muscles, autonomic ganglia, and the central nervous system. At these sites nicotine s action has two phases, excitation and depression. Insect central nervous tissues are rich in nicotinic cholinergic receptors (cf. 14), but their role in behavior is not well understood. 

Lobinine170,171 (178) was obtained from residues after isolation of the main alkaloids of Lobelia inflata (lobinine was formerly proposed... 

An alkaloid obtained from Lobelia inflata (Lobeliaceae). Crystals. M.p. 130° to 131°. 

Although the value of these Confederate dmg substitutions cannot be broadly characterized as either efficacious or safe from a modern scientific perspective, it should be pointed out that of the sixty different plants listed on the supply table, over one-third stiU hold some current therapeutic use. Lobelia inflata is an interesting example. The supply table recommends its use as an expectorant and it had a well-established reputation as a useful remedy for respiratory disorders. 

Today, Lobelia inflata (Indian tobacco) or its derivatives (lobeline hydrochloride and lobeline sulfate) are used for much the same purpose and are marketed throughout Europe in a number of multi-ingredient preparations 73 Similarly, Poly gala senega (Seneca snakeroot), listed in the supply table as an expectorant, is widely marketed throughout Europe and South Africa for respiratory-tract complaints 7 A popularly prescribed diuretic on the supply table was Juniperus communis (juniper) it is still widely manufactured and dispensed for the same purpose today75... 

Lobelia inflata, Lobelia, Expectorant, 1 to2fl. drachms. Tinct. 0[lb.] 8[oz.]... 

Arnica montana Colchicum autumnale Gossypium herbaceum Narcissus pseudonarcissus Lobelia inflata... 

Indian tobacco Lobelia inflata Vomiting, paralysis, hypothermia, collapse, coma, death... 

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