Nickel alloys cyanide

Cyanoanthracene, 50,55 p-Cyanobenzenesulfonamide, reduction with Raney nickel alloy to p-for-mylbenzenesulfonamide, 51,20 p-Cyano-N,N-diethylaniline, 50, S4 Cyanohydrins, formation by use of alkyl-aluminum cyanides, 52, 96... 

Go 0 = Co Oy + HO, and this cyanide of ccbalt, by posed to rust than pure iron, but nickel alloyed with ... 

Other metals, such as copper, nickel, or silver, have been used as electrode materials in connection with specific applications, such as the detection of amino acids or carbohydrates in alkaline media (copper and nickel) and cyanide or sulfur compounds (silver). Unlike platinum or gold electrodes, these electrodes offer a stable response for carbohydrates at constant potentials, through the formation of high-valence oxyhydroxide species formed in situ on the surface and believed to act as redox mediators (40,41). Bismuth film electrodes (preplated or in situ plated ones) have been shown to be an attractive alternative to mercury films used for stripping voltammetry of trace metals (42,43). Alloy electrodes (e.g., platinum-ruthenium, nickel-titanium) are also being used for addressing adsorption or corrosion effects of one of their components. The bifunctional catalytic mechanism of alloy electrodes (such as Pt-Ru or Pt-Sn ones) has been particularly useful for fuel cell applications (44). 

After many years of development, the U.S. Department of Defense-funded project WP-1460 [67] was made a significant progress. In 2007, Idaho National Laboratory completed a continuous process of electrochemical synthesis of the key intermediate 2,2-nitroethyl potassium (KDNE) of DNPOH in the laboratory [68] from nitroethane. It was believed that the electrochemical process to produce DNPOH could reduce more than 92 % of the waste, carbide or nickel alloy rods was used as electrodes instead of silver rods according to the U.S. patent [69]. With different voltages, anode oxidizes inactive chemical intermediates (such as ferro-cyanide ion) into active intermediates or oxidant (such as iron cyanide ion). Oxidants and nitro compounds react with nitrite ions to form a gem-dinitro product. Anode can oxidize ferrous cyanide continuously to produce lively iron cyanide ions, thus to provide enough iron cyanide ions for reaction. The scheme of synthesis is shown in Fig. 4.6. 

With iron-nickel segregation is much less likely. Accordingly the XRD results of the nickel-iron catalysts point to a homogeneous phase, in which iron and nickel atoms have been randomly distributed over f.c.c. lattice positions. The experimental lattice parameter of the supported Ni-Fe catalysts allowed us to cdculate the chemical composition of the alloy particles. Using data collected by Pearson [2], we calculated for the nickel content of the three nickel-iron alloy catalysts 51.9, 59.9, and. 5 at.%, which agrees very well with the contents of 50.0, 60.0, and 66.7 at.% calculated from the stoichiometry of the nickel-iron cyanide complexes. 

Copper-tin deposits can be plated from cyanide or pyrophosphate -baths and deposits are of good corrosion resistance (approximately equivalent to the same thickness of nickel). Hardness values of up to 314 Hy are obtainable for the copper-rich alloys , and up to 530 Hy for the tin-rich alloys can be obtained. (See also Section 13.5.)... 

Numerous proprietary electrolytes have been developed for the production of harder and brighter deposits. These include acid, neutral and alkaline solutions and cyanide-free formulations and the coatings produced may be essentially pure, where maximum electrical conductivity is required, or alloyed with various amounts of other precious or base metals, e.g. silver, copper, nickel, cobalt, indium, to develop special physical characteristics. 

The shift of the half-wave potentials of metal ions by complexation is of value in polarographic analysis to eliminate the interfering effect of one metal upon another, and to promote sufficient separation of the waves of metals in mixtures to make possible their simultaneous determination. Thus, in the analysis of copper-base alloys for nickel, lead, etc., the reduction wave of copper(II) ions in most supporting electrolytes precedes that of the other metals and swamps those of the other metals present by using a cyanide supporting electrolyte, the copper is converted into the difficultly reducible cyanocuprate(I) ion and, in such a medium, nickel, lead, etc., can be determined. 

FSM Sosnowiec manufactures automobile lamps, door locks, and window winders for the Polish-manufactured Fiat cars. The lamp bodies are made of zinc-aluminum alloy and then copper-nickel-chromium plated. The door locks and window winders are made of steel and then zinc plated. The wastestreams contain cyanide and the heavy metals chromium (VI), copper, zinc, and nickel. The company carries out the traditional treatments of detoxification, neutralization, and dewatering.29... 

Nickel-copper alloys, 73 518 77 100 Nickel cyanide, 77 112 Nickel dialkyldithiocarbamates, 77 124 Nickel dicycloalkyldithiophosphinates, 77 124... 

Copper(l) cyanide is used in copper plating of nickel, chromium, zinc alloys, steel, and other metals or alloys. Such copper plating imparts brightness, smoothness, hardness, and strength. The cyanide solution employed for copper electroplating consists of copper cyanide and sodium cyanide. Other apph-cations of this compound are as an insecticide, a catalyst in polmerization, and as an antifouling agent in marine paints. 

Kj, Co, Gy, + H, The double cyanide of nickel tin. With copper it forms a hard white alloy the ... 

The alloy of zinc with copper is termed brass, pinchbeck, Muntz metal, and tombac. English brass usually contains 70 per cent, of copper and 30 of zinc. It is made by melting the copper and adding the molten zinc. The addition of nickel (Cu 52 per cent., Zn 23 per cent., Ni 13 per cent.) yields German silver, of which spoons, forks, and coins are made. Electroplate has usually a basis of this alloy, and is covered with silver by depositing it from its double cyanide with potassium. Zinc coated over... 

PAR was applied in the determination of Ni in crude oil [30], and steel [93,94]. PAN was used for determining Ni in drinking water [95] and in sewage [96]. Nickel in the presence of Zn and Cu was determined by derivative spectrophotometry [97]. DDTC was used for determining Ni in natural waters [98]. Nickel was determined in iron and aluminium alloys by the derivative spectrophotometry with the use of the cyanide complexes [99]. The thiocyanate complex was applied in determination of Ni by the FIA method [100]. 

Nickel and iron salts. Attacks by aqua regia, fused nitrates, cyanides, chlorides at >1000°C. Alloys with gold, silver, and other metals Fused samples contaminated with the metal rhodium to increase hardness. Platinum cmcibles for fusions and treatment with HF Ni and Fe crucibles used for peroxide fusions... 

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