Polishes manufacturing

FSM Sosnowiec manufactures automobile lamps, door locks, and window winders for the Polish-manufactured Fiat cars. The lamp bodies are made of zinc-aluminum alloy and then copper-nickel-chromium plated. The door locks and window winders are made of steel and then zinc plated. The wastestreams contain cyanide and the heavy metals chromium (VI), copper, zinc, and nickel. The company carries out the traditional treatments of detoxification, neutralization, and dewatering.29... 

The variety of applications emphasizes the versatility of naphtha. For example, naphtha is used in paint, printing ink, and polish manufacturing and in the rubber and adhesive industries, as well as in the preparation of edible oils, perfumes, glues, and fats. Further uses are found in the dry-cleaning, leather, and fur industries and in the pesticide field. The characteristics that determine the suitability of naphtha for a particular use are volatility, solvent properties (dissolving power), purity, and odor (generally the lack thereof). 

Uses Solvent for cellulose ethers modifying esterification of cellulose acetate ingredient of metal polishes and shoe polishes manufacture of aniline, benzidine, quinoline, azobenzene, drugs, photographic chemicals. 

Fig. 10.5. Changes in grain composition with crushing time on the example of MDS grain, 160-125 pm, of Polish manufacture.

Fig. 10.6. Changes in dynamic brittleness of Polish manufactured diamond abrasives. 1—MDS, 2—PDS, of different grain size.

Petroleum wax is used in the manufacture of candles, polishes, ointments and for waterproofing purposes. Waxes are also used as a cracking feedstock for the production of 1-alkene.s for conversion to detergents. 

In addition to then use in bonded and coated products, both natural and manufactured abrasive grains are used loose in such operations as polishing, buffing, lapping, pressure blasting, and barrel finishing. AH of these operations are characterized by very low metal removal rates and are used to improve the surface quaUty of the workpiece. 

Coated abrasives, such as sheets, disks, and dmms, are used for polishing and finishing. Here, too, the abrasives, such as aluminum oxide and siHcon carbide, have replaced the flint and garnet of common sandpaper. These industrial coated abrasives are manufactured from cloth or tough paper base. 

Waxes, Polishes, andFloor Finishes Survey by the Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association, CSMA, Washington, D.C. 

Calcined aluminas are also used for polishing appHcations by mixing into polishing compounds in the form of paste or suspensions. Polishing aluminas are used to alter the surfaces of metals, plastics, glass, and stones in the manufacture of cutlery, automobiles, computers, furniture, eyewear, semiconductors, and jewelry. Polishing aluminas are also used to coat surfaces, such as video tapes (1). 

Optical Applications. Vitreous siUca is ideal for many optical appHcations because of its excellent ultraviolet transmission, resistance to radiation darkening, optical polishing properties, and physical and chemical stabiUty. It is used for prisms, lenses, cells, wiadows, and other optical components where ultraviolet transmission is critical. Cuvettes used ia scatter and spectrophotometer cells are manufactured from fused siUca and fused quart2 because of the transmissive properties and high purity (222). 

In the float-glass process, adopted by all leading plate-glass manufacturers, the molten glass is allowed to float and soHdify on the surface of a pool of molten tin which provides an ideally flat surface. The endless glass ribbon has a surface so smooth that cosdy grinding and polishing are unnecessary. 

Cast molding is an increasingly used manufacturing process for both rigid gas-permeable and hydrogel contact lenses. In this process, two molds, made from a variety of plastics, are used. A female mold forms the lens front surface (convex) and a male mold forms the lens back surface (concave). The plastic molds are made from metal tools or dies that are usually stainless steel, precision lathed, and polished to the specified lens design. A variety of mold materials are used. The polymerized, hardened lens is released from the mated molds and is processed in much the same way as the spin-cast lenses described above. 

Today the most important applications are in surface coatings, including some use as French polish, as adhesives and cements, including valve capping and optical cements, for playing card finishes and for floor polishes. The material also continues to be used for hat stiffening and in the manufacture of sealing wax. 

The largest user of phenol in the form of thermosetting resins is the plastics industry. Phenol is also used as a solvent and in the manufacture of intermediates for pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and dyestuffs. Styrene is used in the manufacture of synthetic rubber and polystyrene resins. Phthalic anhydride is used in the manufacture of DMT, alkyd resins, and plasticizers such as phthalates. Maleic anhydride is used in the manufacture of polyesters and, to some extent, for alkyd resins. Minor uses include the manufacture of malathion and soil conditioners. Nitrobenzene is used in the manufacture of aniline, benzidine, and dyestuffs and as a solvent in polishes. Aniline is used in the manufacture of dyes, including azo dyes, and rubber chemicals such as vulcanization accelerators and antioxidants. 

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