New raw material

Because of its relatively high, price, there have been continuing efforts to replace acetylene in its major appHcations with cheaper raw materials. Such efforts have been successful, particularly in the United States, where ethylene has displaced acetylene as raw material for acetaldehyde, acetic acid, vinyl acetate, and chlorinated solvents. Only a few percent of U.S. vinyl chloride production is still based on acetylene. Propjiene has replaced acetylene as feed for acrylates and acrylonitrile. Even some recent production of traditional Reppe acetylene chemicals, such as butanediol and butyrolactone, is based on new raw materials. 

New product introductions are generally heavily supported by the technical service function. Many customers using chemical feedstocks to produce multicomponent products for the consumer market require extensive on-line evaluations of new raw materials prior to their acceptance for use. An example of this would be the use of a new engineering polymer for the fabrication of exterior automobile stmctural panels. Full-scale fabrication of the part foUowed by a detailed study of parameters, such as impact strength, colorant behavior, paint receptivity, exterior photodurabiHty, mar resistance, and others, would be required prior to making a raw materials change of this nature. 

Product or Process Development—A company can develop a new product or process as a quasi-research effort with a toller while simultaneously building the in-house production capacity. This allows problems found in the toller s intermediate scale efforts to be fixed in the large-scale process and to reduce development time and costs. It may simply be a case of a company wanting to try new raw materials in a well-known process without disrupting existing production or establishing a pilot facility. Tollers can provide a way to achieve these activities in a parallel fashion. 

New raw materials will be the key to unlocking the opportunities above and to creating the possibility for new sets of adhesive properties. On the horizon are new types of moisture curable systems and a variety of novel block copolymers. The future may find entirely new mechanisms or morphologies for strength development on cooling. 

When in the late 1940 s the remarkable therapeutic effects of the glucocorticoids cortisone and hydrocortisone were discovered, new raw materials had to be developed to produce these complicated molecules, and new synthetic methods devised to convert either a 20-ketopregnane or 21-acetoxy-20-ketopregnane to the dihydroxyacetone side-chain characteristic of these corticoids. This latter challenge produced some extremely useful new organic chemical reactions, many of which have wider application outside of steroids. 

New product introductions, 24 343 New raw materials, evaluation of, 24 343 New source performance air pollution... 

The quality demands for product performance constitute a significant hurdle to market adoption of these new raw materials. The market has so far demonstrated that interest in adoption of cost-effective products with renewable content is sustainable as long as product performance is not compromised. The different chemistries that have been harnessed to pursue this opportunity are stiU in an evolutionary stage, as polyol producers respond to market pressures for the high quality and low price that has previously fuelled the success of the petrochemical progenitors. Time will tell which, if any, of the approaches to replacement of petroleum with renewable hydrocarbons will sustain a market presence, and will succeed at impacting the consumption of global petrochemical stocks. 

As fossil fuel resources dwindle, there is growing interest in developing new raw materials for future polymers [121]. As A. Gandini has stated polymers from renewable resources are indeed the macromolecular materials of the future [122]. Between the different renewable resources, carbohydrates stand out as highly convenient raw materials because they are inexpensive, readily available, and provide great stereochemical diversity. 

Gadolinite and bastnasite fron Sweden served at first as raw material for the rare earth eloivents and thorium. Later it was necessary to seek new raw materials and the so-called "Carolina sand" was found in the USA, a monazite v ch oociorred there in certain gold-panning areas. Finally a nearly ine diaustible reserve of monazite was discovered in Brazil v ch guaranteed raw material supplies far into the future. 

The development of specialised energy drinks or isotonic beverages is perhaps an example of a truly new product area. As new raw materials become available, for example soluble whey protein, whole ranges of products are likely to be spawned. 

What are your 99% confidence limits on the silicon content of the iron using the new raw material. 

A new chemical process may involve the production of innovative chemicals, the exploitation of a new raw material, or the revamping of an established process. Irrespective of those details, the process development is usually initiated with the assessment of a new chemical route from raw materials to products, a task which requires a sound chemical skill for the understanding of the reaction mechanism, and is concluded with the assessment of the operating protocols of the industrial plant, a task which requires a sound engineering skill for obtaining a satisfactory performance of the plant, in terms of safety of operations, quality of products, and productivity. 

Eleven different raw materials can be presented simultaneously, and used for simulation (Fig. 3.2). New raw materials can directly be input in the master sheet, or they can first be saved in the Raw Material Input Data sheet and then copied to the master Blend Calculation sheet. During input, the sum line will automatically show the sum of Fatty Acids. This number should be very close to 100% after correct data input. 

In the latter part of the nineteenth century new raw materials for the chemical industries became available from city gas and by-product cote oven operations. Benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, phenol, cresols, and xylenols served as crudes for conversion to various intermediates used in the growing new synthetic dyestuff industry. Many of these intermediates and finished products were nitro compounds and found their way into the explosive industry. 

Goodrich JE. (2006) New raw materials for high temperature UV inkjet, Sartomer Technical Paper, www.sartomer.com. 

Training aid. All systems have been used to provide training for both novice and experienced formulators. The developers of the SOLTAN system have stated that experienced formulators use their expert systems to expose themselves to new raw material combinations with which they are not familiar. Bateman et al. suggested the documentation used in the development of the Sanofi system be adapted to train novice formulators. 

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