New developments in mass spectrometry

New Developments in Mass Spectrometry 2.11.1 Mass Spectrometry Imaging... 

There has been an explosion of new developments in mass spectrometry in recent years. One of the major ones is the reduction in size of the instruments so that many can now be used on the benchtop. This has resulted in prices coming down - initial and running costs used to be prohibitive in many cases. The development of atmospheric pressure ionisation sources is relatively new and has made hyphenation of MS with liquid separation techniques such as HPLC much more feasible. The selection of mass analysers... 

A. Frigerio, ed., "Recent Developments in Mass Spectrometry in Biochemistry and Medicine," Vol. 1, Plenum Press, New York 1978. 

This inexhaustive review shows the developments in mass spectrometry during these last years. Various aspects of analytical methods are improved in the bid to obtain an answer to quantitative determination and structure elucidations. The two orientations which interest the biochemistry field appear in a new methodology MS/MS, which is... 

One of the most significant developments in mass spectrometry in the recent years is the introduction of a new class of ionization methods where samples in either solid or liquid state can be directly ionized in their native environment under ambient conditions (rather than inside a mass spectrometer) without any sample preparation. This new class of ionization methods is often referred to as ambient ionization methods [1,2], Because these methods generally ionize analytes on the surface or near the surface of the samples at atmospheric pressure, they have also been called atmospheric pressure surface sampling/ionization methods or direct/open air ionization methods [3], Since the first reports on ambient ionization with desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) [4] and direct analysis in real time (DART) [5], numerous reports have been published on the applications of these new ionization methods as well as the introduction of many related ambient ionization methods such as desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (DAPCI) [6], atmospheric solid analysis probe (ASAP) [7], and electrospray-assisted laser desorption/ionization (ELDI) [8], Recently, two reviews of the various established and emerging ambient ionization methods have been published [2,3],... 

Attention should be directed to developments in structural determination including new techniques in mass spectrometry, the increasing accessibility of X-ray methods, and particularly the value of nondestructive methods such as NMR. 

Chemical methods As with many areas of natural product chemistry, new impetus in the chemistry of lichen substances is provided by the more rapid and improved methods for detecting, isolating and purifying these compounds and in determining their structure. The techniques of preparative TLC, radial chromatography and preparative HPLC provide rapid and efficient methods for the purification of lichen substances and developments in mass spectrometry, proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and X-ray analysis greatly aid structural smdies. 

The latest developments in mass spectrometry with respect to soft ionization of nonvolatile and thermolabile compounds have brought this technique to the level where it may open, and indeed has opened, new ways in cobalamin research, especially when integrated with HPLC. 

Gaskell, S.J., Recent and projected developments in mass spectrometric techniqnes, in Applications of Modem Mass Spectrometry in Plant Science Research, Newton, R.P. and Walton, T.J., Eds., Clarendon Press, New York, 1996, chap. 5. 

There are as yet no signs that the development of mass spectrometry is slowing down. This has consequences for the analyst. Whereas in the past the practitioner of polymer/additive analysis primarily benefited from a good knowledge of chromatography, it is now essential that such analytical scientists are conversant with current MS theory and practice. Advances in MS are due to new conceptual design, new ionisation methods (e.g. switched plasma sources) and... 

Terms such as large molecules or high mass are subject to steady change in mass spectrometry as new techniques for analyzing high-mass ions are being developed or improved. [40] Here, the focus is on masses in the range of 10 -10 u. 

Trends in mass spectrometry focus on the improvement of instrumentation, of several techniques in order to minimize sample volume, to improve sensitivity and to reduce detection limits. This is combined with increasing the speed of several analyses, with automation of analytical procedures and subsequently reducing the price of analysis. A minimizing of sample volumes means a reduction of waste volume with the aim of developing green chemistry . Furthermore, new analytical techniques involve a development of quantification procedures to improve the accuracy and precision of analytical data. Special attention in future will be given to the development of hyphenated mass spectrometric techniques for speciation analysis and of surface analytical techniques with improved lateral resolution in the nm scale range. 

Because of the development of new NMR techniques and improvements in mass spectrometry stable isotopes, such as 2H, 13C, 19F, and 31P, are being used more frequently to study metabolism.) Carbon-13 containing compounds can fulfill many... 

D. B. Northrop and F. B. Simpson have suggested that the major new development in the study of mechanism will be stopped-flow mass spectrometry.53 Soft... 

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