Neutral-pH cleaners

Neutral-pH cleaners are usually used to address microbes. Most of these cleaners use a non-oxidizing biocide such as DBNPA (dibro-monitriloproprionamide) or isothiasolin, and are pre-packaged by vendors. 

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Neutral pH cleaner compatible with many substrates mixture of modified alcohols and surfactants... 

All chemicals, whether inorganic or organic, are either acidic, basic, or neutral. An example of an inorganic acid is sulfuric acid used in automobile batteries, while the acetic acid found in vinegar is an organic acid. Ammonia found in many household cleaners is a base, as are sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide (lye). Sodium chloride (common salt) is an example of a salt because it is produced by the neutralization of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide. A solution of table sugar in water is neutral (pH 7) because it does not contain hydrogen ions nor does it react with bases to produce water. 

By a traditional method, a- and /i-iononcs can be converted to ionene, catalyzed by HI along with small amounts of phosphorus. A cleaner cydization occurred by heating /i-ionone in water at 250 °C in the MBR [50]. In the workup the usual exhaustive washing procedures were unnecessary. Similarly, as mentioned above, carvacrol was prepared almost quantitatively, by isoaromatization of carvone in water at 250 °C for 10 min [47]. A conventional, literature method utilized acidic conditions, took a longer time and proceeded in lower conversion. The above examples show that elevated temperatures under neutral pH conditions can offer advantages over acidic (or basic) reagents at lower temperatures. 

Amphoteric surfactants. These compounds have the characteristics of both anionic detergents and cationic fabric softeners. They tend to work best at neutral pH, and are found in shampoos, skin cleaners, and carpet shampoos. They are very stable in strong acidic conditions and are favorably used with hydrofluoric acid. For example, compounds of alkyl-betain or alkylsulfobetaine type possess both anionic and cationic groups in the same molecule even in aqueous solution. These surfactants are rarely employed in laundry detergents because of their high costs [3, 4]. 

In studies to remove organic fouling on RO membranes, it has been reported that several commercial cleaners developed by Pfizer gave excellent results. Differential pressure of the membrane system could be reduced by 42% using a neutral pH liquid formulation (Floclean 107) designed to remove organics, silt, and other particulates from cellulose acetate RO membranes. For polyamide, polysulfone, and thin-film-composite... 

Fast drying and surfactant-free water-based cleaner using microphase cleaner technology pH neutral aqueous cleaner, with long bath life... 

Vigon SC/ Zestron Neutral pH microphase cleaner (water based) Cleaning PWAs adhesive and solder paste removal from misprinted PCBs 98 N/A 34.6 (20°C) None 23.8 (20°C)... 

As hard floors are different, different flooring materials are used for different I I settings. The type of soils and soil loads are also quite different therefore, the cleaning compounds and methods used are also different. The floor cleaners can be formulated alkaline, acidic, or neutral pH. However, floor cleaners widely used in the I I arena are either alkaline or acidic, and could be both, switching alternately. 

Mild liquid base for neutral pH shampoos, bubble baths, rug cleaner formulations, cosmetic emulsifiers. 

Uses Wetting agent, spreading agenL surfactant for all-puqx>se cleaners, polished stone cleaners, neutral floor cleaners, glass cleaners Features Performs at high pH levels (>11.5) where cationic surfactants are not effective rinses clean at any water temp. alkyl phenol ethoxylate free reduces or eliminates the need for VOC compat. with cationic, anionic, and nonlonic surfactant... 

Uses Detergent for alkaline and neutral abrasive cleaners, hard surf, cleaners Features Ready-to-dilute cone. should not be mixed with cationic materials Properties YIsh. liq. to wh. paste char, odor flash pt. > 65 C pH 9-11 (1%) 34-36% act. 20-22% anionic act. 

Uses Surfactant blend for hard surf, cleaners removes soap scum at neutral pH, metal ion binding capability, removes oily and particulate soil, does not fonn sur-tactant/water gels Properties Liq. 

Uses High active base for It. duty dish and fine fabric cleaners at neutral pH emulsifier... 

The manufacture of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals generates in the order of 25-100 times more waste than product [52], Inorganic salts account for the bulk of the waste and are most often produced by neutralization of acidic or basic solutions [53]. Salts can pollute soil and ground water, lower the pH of atmospheric moisture and they may contribute to acid dew or acid rain [6]. For cleaner production, their minimization is essential and hence our concentration on new processes, such as the etherification (discussed in Sect. 2.6.3.1) and hydrogen transfer reduction (Sect. 2.6.3.2), that avoid salt formation and the use of salts. 

A sample of an ammonia cleaner has a pH of 10. If the two samples are combined, what ratio by volume of lemon juice to ammonia cleaner is needed to yield a neutral solution ... 

At the end of the cleaning phase, the system should be drained and thoroughly flushed out to remove all traces of chemical cleaner, iron, and other foulant materials. Local regulations, or simple good practice, may dictate that pH neutralization or other pretreatment is required before the water is permitted to be discharged to foul sewer. 

Among the product bases whose pH usually lies outside the neutral range are acid and alkaline household cleaners cold wave lotions, hair straighteners, and depilatories (alkaline, pH > 10) and antiperspirants (acid, pH < 5). Fabric softeners are acidic, with pH values between 3 and 5. Machine dishwashing detergent powders are alkaline and contain perborates, which are oxidizing agents. 

Phosphate esters possess strong tolerance to electrolytes and alkalis. Their wetting properties are independent of the pH and, therefore, are used as surfactant components in both alkaline and acid cleaners (5). Their detergent properties are considered equal to nonionic surfactants, and they have excellent temperature stability. In their acid form, phosphate esters are moderately strong acids and, when neutralized to pH 5-8, have low order of toxicity. Phosphate esters are considered to be hydrotrope agents and are biodegradable. 

It is clear that some classes of rheology modifiers will have more utility in certain detergent systems than in others. For example, the subset of modifiers that function in the neutral-to-alkaline range of pH would not be suitable for an acid-based surface cleaner at very low pH. Table 5.4 provides some guidance for choosing a rheology modifier based on different detergent applications. 

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