Neurotropic viruses

Two neurotropic viruses of mice are of particular interest with regard to the way in which immune-mediated demyelination of the CNS can be induced by a viral... 

Herpes simplex type 1 virus (HSV-1) is a human neurotropic virus, used as a vector for gene transfer in the nervous system. The HSV genome is linear, composed of a double-stranded, 152 kb DNA molecule, and able to contain 40-50 kb of a transgene. 

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a common neurotropic virus that, in vivo, forms a latent infection in primary afferent neurons. HSV infection is associated with abnormal sensations around the site of initial infection including tingling, parasthesia, loss of touch and pain sensations (Andoh et al 1995) which have been... 

Prophylactically active agaiust a wide range of viruses, including those causing canine distemper, lymphomatosis in fowl, shipping fever in cattle, transmissible gastroenteritis iu swine, and coryza and other upper respiratory illnesses, as well as against ECHO viruses, enteroviruses in monkeys, MM neurotropic virus, Semliki Forest virus, and NEF 1 poliomyelitis virus. Antitumor activity demonstrated in experimental leukemia and sarcoma. 

Direct infections of the nervous system by neurotropic viruses can lead to CNS dysfunction in many ways. Six well-defined mechanisms of encephalopathy are discussed, but many other mechanisms probably exist. In many instances the mechanism of brain dysfunction remains an enigma since by pathology, abnormalities can be minimal. 

JC virus is an interesting case of a neurotropic virus that may bind to cell surface glyco-sphingolipids to enter specific brain cell t5q>es. This polyomavirus is responsible for a fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system called progressive multifocal leukoen-cephalopathy. In vivo, JC virus infection has been detected in neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Two main types of cell surface receptors for JC virus have been described ... 

Gorry PR, Bristol G, Zack JA et al (2001) Macrophage tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from brain and lymphoid tissues predicts neurotropism independent of coreceptor specificity. J Virol 75 10073-10089... 

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) vector is a human neurotropic vector that possesses double-stranded DNA, replicates in the nucleus of the infected cells and can infect... 

A neurotropic, enveloped and negative single-stranded RNA virus that persistently infects domestic animals (e.g. horses) causing behavioural and cognitive dysfunction. 

Card, J. P. et al. (1990). Neurotropic properties of pseudorabies virus Uptake and transneuronal passage in the rat central nervous system. J. Neurosci. 10 (6), 1974-1994. 

Murine hepatitis virus (MHV) is a murine coronaviruses that infects the liver. Tw o strains of MHV, JHM and MHC-A59 are neurotropic variants that are frequently used in studies of MHV infection of the CNS (Matthew s et al., 2002). Both viruses readily infect oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and neurons (Matthew s et al., 2002). After acute infection, the animals develop a chronic progressive neurologic disease characterized by a single major episode of demyelinadon... 

Dow SW, Poss ML, Hoover EA (1990) Feline immunodeficiency virus A neurotropic lentivirus. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 3 658-668. 

N-Methyl-l-adamantanecarboxamide octochloro chlorination product was reported ij to have a remarkable curative effect In mice Infected Intracerebrally with lethal doses of neurotropic influenza A/WSN virus. Even if treatment Is withheld until the mice show tremors and paralysis, they can still be saved however, this drug has no effect on pulmonary Influenza virus Infections in mice. Whatever Its use, this drug certainly manifests a true chemotherapeutic action. 

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