Neurologic illness

Clinically relevant pathologies (e.g., pulmonary illness, cardiovascular illness, evolutive cancer, neurological illness, blood illness)... 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Neurologic illness associated with eating puffer fish, MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., 51, 15, 321, 2002. 

Mood Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition. Commonly called secondary manias, certain medical and neurological illnesses produce symptoms that mimic mania. Often, secondary manias occur when injury or disease interferes with right-sided brain function. As one might anticipate, this is in contrast to the predilection for left-sided brain injury to be associated with depressive symptoms. 

MMWR (2002) Neurologic illness associated with eating Florida pufferfish,... 

Grimshaw, L. (1964) Obsessional disorder and neurological illness. / Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 27 229-231. 

USE OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGIC AGENTS IN MEDICALLY OR NEUROLOGICALLY ILL CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS... 

Thus, a brief puff of chemical neurotransmission from a presynaptic neuron can trigger a profound postsynaptic reaction, which takes hours to days to develop and can last days to weeks or even longer. Every conceivable component of this entire process of chemical neurotransmission is a candidate for modification by drugs. Most psychotropic drugs act on the processes that control chemical neurotransmission at the level of the neurotransmitters themselves or of their enzymes and especially their receptors. Future psychotropic drugs will undoubtedly act directly on the biochemical cascades, particularly on those elements that control the expression of pre- and postsynaptic genes. Also, mental and neurological illnesses are known or suspected to affect these same aspects of chemical neurotransmission. 

Are depressed or have a neurological disorder. Although melatonin may be linked to the development of seasonal affective disorder (SAD), its exact role in emotional and neurological illnesses remains unclear. 

An example of use of the conglomerate Nar-wedine (59) in the synthesis of a natural product Galanthamine (61) which is din Amarylli-daceae alkaloid and has been used clinically for 30 years for neurological illnesses (98). More recently it has been approved for the use in the treatment of Alzheimer s disease (AD) (99). Galanthamine acts to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), thus increasing the levels... 

Kimura M, Kuno-Sakai H. Reports on cases of neurological illnesses occurring after administration of acellular pertussis vaccines in Japan. Tokai J Exp Chn Med 1988 13(Suppl) 165-70. 

Miller DL, Ross EM, Alderslade R, Bellman MH, Rawson NSB. Pertussis immunisation and serious acute neurological illness in children. BMJ 1981 282 1595-9. 

Miller D, Madge N, Diamond J, Wadsworth J, Ross E. Pertussis immunisation and serious acute neurological illnesses in children. BMJ 1993 307(6913) 1171-6. 

Madge N, Diamond J, Miller D, Ross E, McManus C, Wadsworth J, Yule W, Frost B. The National Childhood Encephalopathy stndy a 10-year foUow-np. A report on the medical, social, behavionral and edncational ontcomes after serious, acute, neurological illness in early childhood. Dev Med Child Nenrol Snppl 1993 68 1-118. 

In humans, the acute symptoms of ASP caused by domoic acid include vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, severe headache, and loss of short-term memory. In some cases, confusion, memory loss, disorientation, and even coma are reported. In addition, seizures and myoclonus are observed acutely. Permanent neurologic sequelae, especially cognitive dysfunction, were reportedly most likely in persons who developed neurologic illness within 48 h, males, in older patients (>60 years), and in younger persons with pre-existing illnesses such as diabetes, chronic renal disease, and hypertension with a history of transient ischemic attacks. The first human cases of ASP were identified after an outbreak in Prince Edward Island, Canada since then, there have been cases of ASP in marine mammals and birds in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and Canada. 

Cerebrospinal flnid is normal in botnlism bnt nsnally abnormal with other causes of neurologic illnesses. Brain, spine, and chest imaging may reveal other causes of the neurologic symptoms, such as hemorrhage, inflammation or neoplasm (36). Myasthenia gravis patients with paralysis will obtain brief relief from a test dose of edrophonium chloride, whereas a close inspection of the skin may reveal the cause of tick paralysis (36). 

Gale, J.L. Thapa, P.B. Wassilak, S.G. Bobo, J.K. Men-delman, P.M. Foy, H.M. Risk of serious acute neurological illness after immunization with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine. A population-based case-control study. JAMA, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 1994, Jan. 5, 271 (1), 37-41. 

Historically, neurology pharmacy specialists have concentrated on the most medication-intense subspecialty within neurology, which is epilepsy. However, the 1990s saw an explosion in the number of new therapies for neurological illness, both for previously unbeatable conditions (e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, acute stroke) and as additions to the therapeutic armamentarium in already treatable conditions (e.g., epilepsy, Parkinson s disease). The twenty-first century ushers in a continued intense interest in the development of novel therapies for nervous system diseases and steadily broadening opportunities for the pharmacy specialist in neurology. 

In men, SUI is most commonly the result of prior lower urinary tract surgery or injury, with resulting compromise of the sphincter mechanism within and external to the urethra. Radical prostatectomy for treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate is probably the most common setting in which surgical manipulation leads to UI. Overall, SUI in the male is uncommon, and in the absence of prior prostate surgery, severe trauma, or neurologic illness, is extraordinarily rare. Transurethral resection of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia (see Chap. 82) may also lead to SUI in men. 

UI may present in the setting of concurrent, seemingly unrelated illnesses. New-onset UI may be the initial manifestation of certain systemic illnesses such as diabetes meUitus, metastatic malignancies, multiple sclerosis, and other neurologic illnesses. Central nervous system disease, or injury above the level of the pons, generally results in symptoms of bladder overactivity and UUI. Spinal cord injury or disease may manifest as bladder overactivity and UUI or as overflow incontinence, depending on the spinal level and completeness of the injury or disease. 

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