Neural growth factor

Other cell lines are available for in vitro studies, including the Y1 mouse adrenocortical cell line, with different advantages and disadvantages (for review, see [49]). PC-12 cells are from a rat pheochromocytoma, and they produce norepinephrine and dopamine [60], They have been used to study neuroendocrine signaling of the adrenal medulla and differentiate and stop proliferating following exposure to neural growth factor. Adrenal slices have also been used for short-term experiments, especially those that required the presence of both medulla and cortex, but this model has rarely if ever been used to study toxicity of endocrine disruptors. 

The adaptor protein SHB (Src homology 2 domain-containing adapter protein B) mediates certain responses in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor-, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor-, neural growth factor (NGF) receptor-, T cell (TC) receptor-. 

Furthermore, PKCe is required for nerve growth factor-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and neurite outgrowth by ethanol. It is also required for ethanol-induced increases in N-type voltage-gated calcium channels in PC 12 neural cells. 

Johnson Z, Proudfoot AE, Handel TM (2005) Interaction of chemokines and glycosaminoglycans a new twist in the regulation of chemokine function with opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 16 625-636 Jones G, Power C (2006) Regulation of neural cell survival by HIV-1 infection. Neurobiol Dis 21 1-17... 

Nakaji-Hirabayashi T, Kato K, Arima Y, Iwata H (2007) Oriented immobilization of epidermal growth factor onto culture substrates for the selective expansion of neural stem cells. Biomaterials 28 3517-3529... 

Biomedical research continues to broaden our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlining both health and disease. Research undertaken since the 1950s has pinpointed a host of proteins produced naturally in the body that have obvious therapeutic applications. Examples include the interferons and interleukins (which regulate the immune response), growth factors, such as erythropoietin (EPO which stimulates red blood cell production), and neurotrophic factors (which regulate the development and maintenance of neural tissue). 

Sofroniew, M.V., Howe, C.L., and Mobley, W.C. 2001. Nerve growth factor signalling, neuroprotection and neural repair. Annual Review of Neuroscience 24, 1217-1281. 

Many transmembrane proteins that mediate intracellular signaling form complexes with both intra- and extracellular proteins. For example, neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs) are cell-surface glycoproteins (Ch. 7). The extracellular domains of NCAMs can activate fibroblast growth factor receptors when clustered by reaction with NCAM antibodies [4] or by homotypic binding to domains of adjacent cells (see Fig. 7-2). Activation was found to sequester a complex of NCAM, (31 spectrin and PKC(32 into rafts, as defined by the operational criteria discussed on p. 28. 

Sofroniew, M. V., Howe, C. L. and Mobley, W. C. Nerve growth factor signaling, neuroprotection, and neural repair. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 24 1217-1281, 2001. 

Central nervous system stem cells maintain an undifferentiated state and the capacity to self-renew in response to epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 507 Cell lineage studies reveal close associations between distinct neural cell types 508... 

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