Culture substrate

False. Batch cultures can convert high proportions of substrates, as growth can be allowed to proceed until substrates are exhausted. In continuous cultures substrates are never fully converted, as medium is continuously removed. In fact, residual substrate concentration increases as the dilution rate increases, until virtually all of the medium remains unused. Continuous cultures usually recycle the medium after biomass removal to increase the efficiency of substrate conversion. 

To perform fed-batch experiments with P. putida a method had to be developed to prevent carbon limitation and to prevent a buildup of the concentration of the fatty acids to inhibitory levels. HPLC methods to measure the concentration of aliphatic substrates and octanoic acid have been reported, but these are not suitable for the detection of long chain fatty acids in a watery phase due to their low solubility. Instead Huijberts et al. [55, 56] developed a method in which discrete pulses of fatty acids were added to fed-batch cultures. Substrate exhaustion was detected by a sudden increase in dissolved oxygen tension and this signal was used to trigger the injection of another fatty acid pulse into the... 

Cell Culture Substrates for Specific Cell Proliferation. 178... 

Knowledge gained from cell adhesion studies with SAMs has been used to develop culture substrates with the appropriate cell adhesion glycoproteins for different types of cells [7-10], Stem cells, capable of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple cell types, are found in embryonic and adult tissues. Pluripotent stem cells, like embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, have been developed in vitro. These cells are expected to provide cell sources for regenerative medicine. Various culture conditions have been developed to enable expansion of these cells without loss of their multi- and pluripotency and to induce differentiation into viable cells with specific functions. 

To overcome these limitations, we have developed culture substrates that enable the highly efficient expansion of specific cells in adherent cultures [37, 85-88]. An important characteristic of these substrates is that specifically engineered growth factors are immobilized on the surface. Extensive protein engineering techniques were used to optimize the presentation of growth factors to cells. 

Nakaji-Hirabayashi T, Kato K, Arima Y, Iwata H (2007) Oriented immobilization of epidermal growth factor onto culture substrates for the selective expansion of neural stem cells. Biomaterials 28 3517-3529... 

Figure 29. Fiuman osteoblast-like MG 63 cells in cultures on material surfaces modified with carbon nanoparticles. A fullerene Cgo layers deposited on carbon fibre-reinforced carbon composites (CFRC), B fullerene C o layers deposited on microscopic glass coverslips, C terpolymer of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyldifluoride and polypropylene, mixed with 4% of single-wall carbon nanohorns, D the same terpolymer with high crystalline electric arc multi-wall nanotubes, E diamond layer with hierarchically organized micro- and nanostmcture deposited on a Si substrate, F nanocrystalline diamond layer on a Si substrate. Standard control cell culture substrates were represented by a PS culture dish (G) and microscopic glass coverslip (FI). Immunofluorescence staining on day 2 (A) or 3 (B-Fl) after seeding, Olympus epifluorescence microscope IX 50, digital camera DP 70, obj. 20x, bar 100 pm (A, C, D, G,H)or 200 pm (B, E, F) [16].

If a very small separation system were available, we would like to set it up on the stage of a microscope. In such a case, all processes including injection, separation, and detection could be performed under microscopic observation. That would be very helpful for studying microorgans or other cultured substrates [1],... 

Plasma treatment is widely used commercially for polymer surface modification. Plasma discharge treatments are used to improve adhesiveness and printing properties, to improve cell adhesion to tissue culture substrates (1 ) and to etch or clean the surfaces of materials (removal of photoresist materials on semiconductors, for example ( ). The surface characterization of plasma-modified surfaces is important in order to provide greater insight into how the properties are changed. 

Culture Substrate Released Gross N uptake (%) Method Reference... 

In the case of salami, starter cultures can be cultivated on meat substrate and freeze-dried, where they remain active at a large rate. The storable culture substrate is added to the salami raw mixture to start the desired ripening process. Depending on process course, it can already contain flavour or flavour-precursors which contribute to accelerating the ripening process. 

Expl explantation on culture substrate FACS fluorescence activated cell sorting/ analysis... 

Bengali Z, et al. (2005). Gene delivery through cell culture substrate adsorbed DNA complexes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 90 290-302. 

The tests are performed using a 10% fermentate mixture of weight of the material concerned in the compost for 12 weeks. The fermentate obtained is then mixed by 25 and 50% voltrme or weight in a culture substrate. One monocot (barley) and 1 dicot (lettuce) are sown on these preparations, and then the germination rates and biomass are meastrred. There is conformity when at least 90% of the values obtained using the control (pure compost) is reached. 

Electrical stimulation has been shown to increase the growth of neurites from neural tissue both on conventional culture substrates and in the presence of CPs [141]. Electrically stimulated CPs have been assessed in vitro, with both clonal cell lines and explant tissue demonstrating increased survival and growth on activated CPs when... 

S.W. Kang, S.W. Seo, C.Y. Choi, B.S. Kim, Porous polyOactic-co-glycolic acid) microsphere as cell culture substrate and cell transplantation vehicle for adipose tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 14 (2008) 25-34. 

M.T. Eliason, E.O. Sunden, A.H. Cannon, S. Graham, A.J. Garda, W.P. King, Polymer cell culture substrates with micropatterned carbon nanotubes, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 86 (2008) 996-1001. 

Stably immobilized 3D flat aggregates and exhibited superior cell bioactivity with higher levels of liver-specific function maintenance in terms of albumin secretion, urea synthesis and cytochrome P-450 enzyme than 3D spheroid aggregates formed on GC films. These results suggested that the GC-based nanofibrous scaffolds could be useful for various applications such as bioartificial liver-assist devices and tissue engineering for liver regeneration as primary hepatocytes culture substrates. 

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