Negligible daily intake

Provided the test compound does not result in any residues exceeding 0.1 ppm on food crops, applicator exposxire is minimal, and the limited toxicity data indicate that the negligible daily intake (i.e. that dose below which intake, on a daily basis for a lifetime is considered to be toxicologically insignificant -usually a dose level of l/lOOOth of the "no observable effect level" on the most sensitive toxicological parameter examined, in the most sensitive species) will not be exceeded it is possible that registration would be recommended. The tendency is, however, to require considerably more data than the minimum acceptable package described above. 

Chronic daily intake (CDI), Hazard Index (HI), and Cancer Risk (CR) for carcinogenic effects were calculated and exposures associated with HI<1 and CRdE-6 were considered negligible. 

This maximum legal exposure, often referred to as the Theoretical Maximum Residue Contribution, or TMRC, is compared with established toxicological criteria such as the reference dose (RfD) or Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) which represent, after analysis of animal toxicology data and extrapolations to humans, the daily exposure that is not considered to present any appreciable level of risk. When it is determined that the TMRC exposure is below the RfD or ADI, the EPA usually considers the risks from the pesticide in question to be negligible and approves the manufacturer s petition to establish a tolerance at or slightly greater than the maximum levels identified from the manufacturer s controlled field trials (Winter, 1992a). 

Other potential pathways of exposure-air inhalation, ingestion of water and soil, and dermal contact with soil-are much less significant to total daily intake of dioxins. PCDD/F intake via air inhalation, water ingestion and soil ingestion is estimated to be 3.2 pg TEQ d 1 (2-3% of total daily intake).38 Dermal contact with soil is negligible, however, constituting an estimated daily intake of 0.15pg TEQ d-1.38... 

This relationship assumes that the mass of the adipose tissue compartment and daily intake remaining constant over the observed time period and that daily intake is negligible. If these conditions are not met or are unknown, the k in the above equation represents an apparent rate constant (k ). The apparent half-life from the above equation can then be expressed as follows ... 

BW daily for a 60-kg person. Both TRMC estimates are substantially below the proposed limit of 0.0375 mg/kg BW daily. Lifetime exposure to drinking water concentrations of 2.3 (xg atrazine/L poses negligible risk to human health, as judged by the no adverse effect level of 7.5 xg/L when 1% of the allowable daily intake is obtained from this source. Higher allowable concentrations are proposed over short periods 123.0 xg/L for adults and 35.0 jig/L for children, over a 10-day period. The proposed drinking water criterion to protect human health in Western Europe is <0.1 Jig/L. In the United States, it should not exceed 3.0 jig atrazine/L drinking water, although some authorities recommend less than 3.6 jig atrazine/L. 

When the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health compared the amount of antimony in waters bottled both in PET and in glass, the concentrations in PET bottles were somewhat higher, but still well below the allowed maximal concentrations (1% of the tolerable daily intake determined by the WHO), and it is concluded that the health risk involved is negligible. A recent study found similar low concentrations for antimony in the water bottled in PET [58]. 

Residual chlorine dioxide is lost by evaporation hence, chlorite, chlorate and chloride are the principal residues expected. The chloride generated as a result of treatment with ASC is negligible compared with the chloride already present in food. The use of chlorine to disinfect water supplies results in formation of by-products such as trihalomethanes. However, chlorine dioxide acts as an oxidizing agent and therefore does not form trihalomethanes or by-products other than chlorite and chlorate ions. The residues of the food-grade acids (e.g. phosphate, citrate, malate, sulfate) are commonly present in food and have previously established acceptable daily intakes (ADIs). Therefore, the Committee focused the toxicological evaluation on ASC, chlorite and chlorate. 

The vitamin content of honey is very low and its contribution to the human daily intake is generally negligible. Pollen is considered the main source of vitamins in honey and commercially clarified samples often show low concentrations of these analytes (Haydak et al. 1943). Table 13.3 reports the ranges of vitamin concentrations found in nectar honeys of different floral origins. 

If the human diets described in Table 4.3 consisted of food exposed to a continuous concentration in air of 1 pCi m and if uptake from soil is considered negligible, the total daily intake of in foq would range from about 1.3 to 1.7 nCi depending on age (Table 4. ). Dairy products would contribute most of the 1 to the diet in younger people, but other foods can add significantly to the intake of adults. 

The daily oral intake of bismuth together with food, beverages, and by inhalation is estimated as 5-20 )xg [6,8]. Bismuth is mainly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Inhalation is unimportant. Absorption by skin with toxic symptoms has been reported [38-40], though normally this route is negligible. Remarkable amounts of bismuth are taken up at therapies. 

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