Natural killer cell surface antigen

COPD is a chronic inflammatory disease that results from prolonged and repeated inhalation of particles and gases, chronic (or latent) infection or an interaction of these factors. In many cases, the inflammation persists even when the exposure (in most cases smoking) is stopped. Prominent among the infiltrating leukocytes are neutrophils, CD8+ lymphocytes (Co-receptor for the T-cell receptor. CD8+ is specific for the class IMHC protein. It is expressed on the surface of cytotoxic T-cells and natural killer cells.) and CD68+ monocytic cells (A lysosomal antigen. All cells that rich in... 

Schematic representation of the hematopoietic cascade in mice and human (hum). All the cells of the hematopoietic system are positive for antigen CD45. Based on this, the dynamics of surface antigen expression along development of different mature cells derived from the hematopoietic stem cell system can be observed. Rounded arrows indicate self-renewal potential. Smooth thinner arrows indicate directions of cellular differentiation. The identification of CDs (clusters definition) and other antigen cell markers are listed in the glossary. (LT-HSC - long term hematopoietic stem cell ST-HSC - short term hematopoietic stem cell MPP - multipotent progenitor CLP - common lymphoid precursor CMP - common myeloid precursor GMP - granulocyte-monocyte precursor MEP - megacaryocyte-erythrocyte precursor T - T lymphocyte B - B lymphocyte NK - natural killer cell DC - dendritic cell).

Interferon gamma binds to different cell surface receptors than alpha and beta Specific effect of interferon gamma include enhancement of oxidative metabolism of macrophages, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, activation of natural killer cells, and expression of Fc and major histocompatibility antigens While all alpha interferon have similar biological effects, not all activities shared by each and in many cases the extent of activity various substantially for each interferon subtype... 

The mechanism by which IFN-a exerts antitumor activity is unclear, particularly in hematological cancers. In melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, antitumor effects may be mediated by augmented immune responses including activation of natural killer lymphocytes and enhanced expression of cell surface antigens (e.g., MHC I and II). However, these mechanisms have not been decisively proved. 

CD56 (also known as neural cell adhesion molecule) is expressed on the cell surface of a number of different tissues including natural killer cells, glial and neurons. This antigen may be demonstrated on monocytic and myeloid leukemias, plasma cell dyscrasias, natural killer cell lesions, neural and astrocytic tumors as well as tumors with neuroendocrine differentiation. Antigen density on hematopoietic tumors tends to be at a lower level than on non-hematopoietic lesions and the validation with flow cytometry determination for this antigen is recommended. 

Leu7 CD57 NK-1 110-kD human myeloid cell-associated surface glycoprotein Antigen from human natural killer cells BioCenex 1 20 HIER... 

Fletcher JM, Prentice HG, Grundy JE (1998) Natural killer cell lysis of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-infected cells correlates with virally induced changes in cell surface lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 (LFA-3) expression and not with the CMV-induced down-regulation of cell surface class I HLA. J Immunol 161 2365-2374... 

Several types of lymphocytes, not a single phenotype alone, produced interferon-y in the normal mouse lung (Davis et al. 2000). CD4 T cells were the most numerous producers of IFN-y, with lesser numbers of natural killer cells and of CD4 CD8 ySTCR cells. In the normal lung, only 2 to 5 % of the cells within each of these surface antigen phenotypes produced IFN-y. Both the absolute number and the percentage of IFN-y-producer cells within each of these three phenotypes increased substantially in fully developed silicosis induced by exposure to cristobahte (70 mg/m ) for 6 h/d for 12 d. The absolute increase was greatest for CD4 T-cells, but the relative 3- to 5-fold increase in producer cell number was similar for all free phenotypes. 

Human selenium supplementation (e.g., 200 pg/ day), even in apparently selenium-replete individuals receiving a diet providing >120 pg Se/day, was able to stimulate the proliferation of activated T cells of the immune system. It eHcited an enhanced response to antigen stimulation, an enhanced ability to generate cytotoxic lymphocytes, an enhanced ability to destroy tumor cells, and increased natural killer cell activity. Growth-regulatory interleukin-2 receptors on the surface of activated lymphocytes and natural killer cells became upregulated. 

Alemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed at cells that express the CD52 surface antigen which is found on both T- and B -lymphocytes, as weU as macrophages, monocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. When alemmzumab binds to the CD52 surface antigen, antibody-dependent lysis occurs, which removes T cells from the blood, bone marrow, and organs, resulting in T-ceU depletion. 

---