Natural gas supply and demand

Figure 12. Planned imbalance between natural gas supply and demand in Georgia...

Control facilities, and other projects, will have to be designed and implemented to enable the safe and effective management and operation of future, fluctuating natural gas supply and demand. 

Any analysis of future domestic supply necessarily involves an estimate of the level of future reserve additions. A recent analysis of natural gas supply and demand relationships by the Federal Power Commission (FPC) staflF (4) reached several conclusions with respect to the future annual reserve additions depicted in Figure 5. First, an increase from the present level of annual reserve additions to the average national finding level of the past 10 years (17 Tcf annually) is consistent with estimates of the undiscovered potential gas remaining and recent regulatory actions which have increased the wellhead price of gas in several important supply areas. Second, it is unlikely that annual reserve addi-... 

Natural Gas Supply and Demand 1971-1990, Bureau of Natural Gas, Staff... 

In its most recent assessment of natural gas markets, the National Petroleum Council (2003) suggests there has been a fundamental shift in the natural gas supply and demand balance as power generators and industrial customers have become more dependent on gas-fired... 

Many of these plants may be built before CCS is ready and we will need to use our electricity more efficiently to slow the demand for such power plants, while building as many cleaner power plants as possible. Natural gas is far more cleaner for this power than coal. Generating hydrogen with renewables may be needed in order to avoid building coal-fired plants. More electricity from renewable power would reduce the pressure on the natural gas supply and reduce prices. The United States could have essentially carbon-free electricity before 2050 with hydrogen fuel playing a key role. 

Regulations also have a strong impact on natural gas supply, demand and prices. Exploration for and development of natural gas historically have been secondary to oil because of the high costs of transportation, as well as a complex transportation and marketing system that allowed tor U.S.-federally regulated interstate gas pipelines hut essentially unregulated intrastate pipelines. The natural gas supply shortfalls in 1977 and 1978 resulted in The Natural... 

The broad variance in the amount of energy consumed as natural gas, and the diverse mixes of consumption patterns in different countries, illustrate important characteristics of energy supply and demand generally ... 

Because of their role as the link between producing and market areas, interstate natural gas pipelines play a crucial role in balancing supply and demand. To do so, the interstate pipelines continually monitor pipeline performance. These companies rely heavily on computers to gather, analyze and retain information on the performance of their pipelines, and to control the flow of gas in remote sections of the line. 

Natural gas is the least expensive source of hydrogen today. But, there may not be enough natural gas to meet the demand for natural gas power plants and to supply a hydrogen fueled economy. The prices of natural gas, hydrogen and electricity could see dramatic increases as the demand for natural gas to make hydrogen increases. 

Energy demand, the implementation of sulfur oxide pollution controls, and the future commercialization of coal gasification and liquefaction have increased the potential for the development of considerable supplies of sulfur and sulfuric acid as a result of abatement, desulfurization and conversion processes. Lesser potential sources include shale oil, domestic tar sands and heavy oil, and unconventional sources of natural gas. Current supply sources of saleable sulfur values include refineries, sour natural gas processing and smelting operations. To this, Frasch sulfur production must be added. 

Complementing the technical functionality of sulfur for pavement construction, U.S. sulfur production, while geographically localized, is favored with a nationwide distribution system. Sulfur is involuntarily produced from oil and natural gas, and the switch to coal promise to produce additional large U.S. surpluses of sulfur in the coming decades. Voluntary production is flexible so that the introduction of a major new sulfur use could be phased in without undue stress in the present supply and demand situation. 

The local production of natural gas in Georgia is limited, and the gas supplied from the transit systems has an almost constant output. This represents a major managerial problem as the supply does not correspond to the domestic seasonal demand (see Figure 11). The dependence on seasonal variations shows periods with significant imbalances between supply and demand (see Figure 12) [36]. That s why Georgia has to develop some sound strategy and associated infrastructure to utilize natural gas rationally. 

The natural gas supply chain of Georgia was connected to the gas mains of several supplier countries (Azerbaijan, Russia, Iran, and Turkmenistan). After the break up of the Soviet Empire these connections were also broken that resulted in a substantially reduced supply that, eventually, also affected the demand and consumption of natural gas. According to forecasts for the nearest future, the increase of demand for natural gas will appear. Besides Georgia gains the status as transit country as the main South Caucasus Pipeline System will be constructed on its territory [2],... 

Estimated amounts of natural gas to generate hydrogen (current and possible future hydrogen production technologies) compared with projections by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) of natural gas supply, demand, and imports, 2010-2050, 74... 

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