HYDROGEN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES

Shiozawa, S., Development status on hydrogen production technology using high-temperature gas-cooled reactor at JAEA, Japan, ICAPP 06, Reno, NV, June 4-8,2006. 

Kermode, R.I., Hydrogen from fossil fuels, in Hydrogen Its Technology and Implications, Section 3.2.2, Chapter 3, Vol. 1—Hydrogen Production Technology, eds., K.E. Cox, and K.D. Williamson, CRC Press, Cleveland, OH, 1977. 

K. Sasikala, Ch. V. Ramana, P. R. Rao, K. L. Kovacs (1993) Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria physiology and advances in hydrogen production technology. Adv. Applied Microbiol., 68 211-295... 

Chapter 12 discusses and analyses the different options for hydrogen distribution -pipelines and trailers (including liquefaction) - from a technical and economic point of view, in the same way as the hydrogen production technologies in Chapter 10. Further, different hydrogen refuelling station concepts are described and the necessity for the development of codes and standards addressed. 

For a more detailed description of hydrogen-production technologies, see Chapter 10. 

Natural gas reforming, coal gasification and water electrolysis are proven technologies for hydrogen production today and are applied at an industrial scale all over the world. These are also the most likely hydrogen production technologies to be employed until 2030 and beyond. 

The economics and C02 emissions of the different hydrogen production technologies are summarised in Figs. 10.10 and 10.11, which illustrate the major differences of specific hydrogen-production costs for different technologies and feedstocks. 

Figure 10.11 indicates cost ranges for various hydrogen production technologies for the time until around 2030 on the basis of the energy price scenarios outlined in... 

In the short to medium term, renewable fossil based energy will remain important. C02 sequestration and the consequential importance of hydrogen imply a large interest in hydrogen production technologies, its storage and subsequent conversion. Electrocatalysis may be expected to be of increasing importance. 

In vivo and in vitro hydrogen production technologies developed to combine the bioproduction of gas to the disposal of waste compounds exploiting the sunlight as an energy source (courtesy of Enitecnologie, Milano)... 

Development of hydrogen production technology from water splitting. 

Goal Research and develop low cost, highly efficient hydrogen production technologies from diverse, domestic sources, including fossil, nuclear, and renewable sources. 

Perspectives of carbon taxes will be among the prime incentives for hydrogen and heat using industries to participate in public/private partnerships created to build prototypes and demonstrate clean hydrogen production technologies. Oil companies, petrochemical and steel industries are among the most exposed to additional costs imposed by carbon taxes to their current activities, as well as to future activities such as the production of synthetic fuels from coal, biomass or other hydrocarbon feedstock. 

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