National medical survey

In occupational settings, the concentrations of chemicals are often monitored in the working environment to monitor compliance with occupational exposure limits as required by various national laws. Moreover, medical surveys of workers are often performed including analyses of biomarkers for exposure and/or effects. In addition, workers also generally have the possibility to report signs and symptoms of nuisances related to their working environment. Such data, which in some cases are available in the open literamre, are relevant for use in a hazard assessment. 

Kessler, R. C., P. Berglund, O. Dernier, R. Jin, D. Koretz, K. R. Merikangas, A. J. Rush, E. E. Walters, and P. S. Wang. The Epidemiology of Major Depressive Disorder Results From the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) Journal of the American Medical Association 289(23) (2003) 3095-3105. 

Strang J, Sheridan J Barber N (1996). Prescribing injectable and oral methadone to opiate addicts results from the 1995 national postal survey of community pharmacies in England and Wales. British Medical Journal, 313, 270-2... 

The National Health Survey Act of 1956 required the National Center for Health Statistics to begin collecting health statistics on the general U.S. population. The first health surveys were conducted from 1960 to 1962 on a small sample of the population 18-74 years old with additional surveys conducted on children, 6-17 years old (NRC 1991). Subsequent surveys, called the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, included medical examinations and nutritional and dietary information on the study population. 

Pell JP, Slack R, Dennis M et al. (2003). Improvements in carotid endarterectomy in Scotland results of a national prospective survey. Scottish Medical Journal 49 53-56... 

Lozano P, Sullivan SD, Smith DH, Weiss KB The economic burden of asthma in US children Estimates from the National Medical Expenditure Survey. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999 104 957-963. (Ill)... 

In 1977, and again in 1987, the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR), known until 1990 as the National Center for Health Services Research, collected data in a national survey of health care expenditures, payments, and insurance coverage. Both the 1977 study, called the National Medical Care Expenditure Survey (NMCES) and the 1987 study, referred to as the National Medical Expenditure Survey (NMES), included a household survey of expenditures and health care coverage for different types of health care products and services. Data on expenditures are available from both surveys. Data on coverage are not yet available from the 1987 NMES survey. 

As shown in table 10-1, the1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey of noninstitutionalized Americans indicated Medicaid accounted for about 10 percent of expenditures for prescription drags in 1987. The National Health Expenditures Series, which estimates national spending on health care based on a variety of data sources, estimates the Medicaid share of pharmaceutical expenditures was 15 percent in 1990 (464). 

IRS —U.S. Internal Revenue Service NMES —National Medical Expenditure Survey... 

It is not even clear if size of operation in itself is related to hazard management and the incidence of occupational trauma. A study of explicit and implicit risk pooling of small employers in the US workers compensation insurance market, based on the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey, found little support for the hypothesis that employees and dependents of small firms are likely to be averse to health risks should they obtain coverage comparable to that held by large-firm employees (Monheit Vistnes, 1994). 

The Japanese regulatory authority is the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW) and the Pharmaceutical and Medical Safety Bureau (PSMB) is responsible for the promulgation of national and international guidelines in the form of Notifications. Guidelines are available on the Internet web-site of the National Institute of Health and Science (http //www.nihs.go.jp). The MHW has not issued specific guidance on the development of chiral drugs, but has nonetheless responded to the enantiomer-versus-racemate scientific debate. The attitude of the MHW and its advisory body, the Central Pharmaceutical Affairs Council (CPAC) is discussed in two articles by Shindo and Caldwell published in 1991 and 1995 [17, 18]. The latter paper analyzes the results of a survey of the Japanese pharmaceutical industry which sought responses on chirality issues. 

Daumit et al. (2003) conducted a series of cross-sectional analyses of outpatient physician visits from 1992-2000 where antipsychotics were prescribed. The data was collected from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. African Americans had half the odds of receiving an SGA and Hispanics had 40% of the odds, compared with Whites in the early 1990s. During 1998-2000, the frequency of SGA use for non-psychotic disorders in African Americans was equivalent to Whites but still 25% lower when patients were receiving treatment for a psychotic disorder. The use of SGAs in Hispanics increased and was equal to that of Whites in the late 1990s for all psychiatric diagnoses. 

S. N. Schappert and C. Nelson, National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 1995-96 Summary, National Center for Health Statistics, Vital Health Stat., 13(142) (1999). 

NICE, Depression Management of Depression in Primary and Secondary Care. Clinical Practice Guideline No. 23 , National Institute for Clinical Excellence www.nice.org.uk/page.aspxio = 235213 Nitzan, Uriel and Pesach Lichtenberg, Questionnaire Survey on Use of Placebo , British Medical Journal 329 (2004) 944-46 Park, Lee C. and Lino Covi, Nonblind Placebo Trial , Archives of General Psychiatry 12, no. 4 (1965) 336-45... 

Tilburt, Jon C., Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Ted J. Kaptchuk, Farr A. Curlin and Franklin G. Miller, Prescribing Placebo Treatments Results of National Survey of US Internists and Rheumatologists , British Medical Journal 337 (2008) 1097-100... 

Our survey consisted of randomly dialed telephone interviews of 1796 individuals across the country performed by Telesurveys Research Associates of Houston, Texas, under contract with the Institute for Bioethics, Health Policy and Law of the University of Louisville School of Medicine. The research was funded by the following three Institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of General Medical Sciences (lead institute),... 

Specific national data sources on allergic contact dermatitis are limited. In the United States, data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a national... 

Woodwell, D.A., and Cherry, D.K., National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 2002 Summary. Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics National Center for Health Statistics, Number 346, August 26, 2004. 

Doshi, J.A., Shaffer, T., Briesacher, B.A. (2005) National estimates of medication use in nursing homes findings from 1997 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey and the 1996 Medical Expenditure Survey. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 53, 438 43. 

Lichtenberg (1996) compiled data on hospital deaths and pharmaceutical innovation based on the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS). For a number of specific disease states, he constructed a measure of pharmaceutical innovation using the dissimilarity between drugs prescribed to the early 1980 cohort in a given disease category, and drugs prescribed in the later 1991 cohort. A greater dissimilarity between... 

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