National institute for drug abuse

Screening for opiates is routinely performed by immunoassay techniques, with confirmation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (1). Drug testing governing bodies such as the National Institute for Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the SAMHSA... 

National Institute for Drug Abuse. US website with useful research and detailed explanations around drugs of abuse, http //www.drugabuse.gov. 

CDC = Center for Disease Control DEA = Drug Enforcement Agency NIH = National Institute of Health NCHS = National Center for Health Statistics NIDA = National Institute on Drug Abuse IMS America = commercial source of drug use statistics... 

GHB has been used both for legitimate clinical and chnical research purposes and for a range of iUicit purposes. It was marketed legally in the United States until 1990, when the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned its sale to consumers. Except for the one indication described later in this section, GHB is a Schedule I controlled substance without other FDA-approved indications. The FDA has also declared y-butyrolactone (GBL) as a List I chemical and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) as a Class I health hazard, practically designating these GHB precursors, which are also industrial solvents, as illicit and unapproved new drugs (National Institute on Drug Abuse 2000). 

This work was supported by Grant GM 27256 from the National Institutes of Health and Grant DA 02507 from the National Institute of Drug Abuse. LL. is an American Cancer Society Research Professor of Biochemistry (Award PRP-21). H.V.V. is the recipient of a Research Career Award (5K6-AI-2372) from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease. We thank Dr. Y. Hirata of Meijo University for generous gifts of palytoxin isolated from Palythoa tuberculosa. We thank Dr. T. Yasumoto, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, for the maitotoxin preparation. We thank also Jeffrey A. Bessette and Nancy Worth for their technical assistance and Inez Zimmerman for preparation of the manuscript. 

Acknowledgments The authors thank the National Institute of Health and National Institute of Drug Abuse for their continuous support (grants DA15014 DA19808). 

This work was supported by U.S. Public Health Service grants DA 00869 and DA 04222. The National Institute of Drug Abuse contributed the methamphetamine hydrochloride. MDMA, and MDA, NOVO Industrials is acknowledged for contributing GBR 12909. 

As a consequence of the unanticipated epidemic of phencyclidine (PCP) abuse in the late 1960s and early 1970s, biomedical and behavioral research on this drug expanded by the late 1970s (Balster and Pross 1978). Partly because of the improved public health response resulting from this research activity, the PCP epidemic has been stopped. The major credit for this rapid growth of PCP research should go to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, NI DA... 

My colleagues whose names appear as my co-authors on the papers cited for this report are due a substantial portion of the credit for most of the research described herein. The research has been supported by National Institute on Drug Abuse Grant DA-01442. 

Abelson, H. 1., and Atkinson, R. B. (1975) Public Experience with Psychoactive Substances, Part I Main Findings Part III Methods and Procedures. Report prepared for the National Institute of Drug Abuse, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Rockville, Maryland. 

The authors are grateful for U. S. Public Health Service grants DA-01642 (R.A.G.), DA-01916, and DA-02189 (D.E.N.) from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. These have allowed us to carry out many of the reported studies and to continue probing the structure-activity relationships of hallucinogenic drugs. 

Preparation of this chapter was supported in part by USPHS research grants 2R0I DA 02543 (to JBA) and R01 DA 07027.02 (JAR) from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. We thank K. A. Cunningham for a critical evaluation of the manuscript. 

If you are interested in learning more about assessment tools for drug problems, there are several great resources to find them. I recommend several books at the end of this chapter that may help. In addition, many assessment tools can be found on the Internet. The best places to look include Web sites for the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA http //www.drugabuse.gov) and... 

The National Institute on Drug Abuse s Website. An extensive Website containing information for children and parents, teachers and students, and researchers and health professionals. 

Acknowledgments We thank Marc Olmsted for his excellent editorial assistance. Much of the research described in this chapter was supported by US Public Health Service grants DA02277 and DA12393 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, and carried out at the General Clinical Research Center at San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center with support of the Division of Research Resources, National Institutes of Health (RR-00083). 

Balster RL (1992) Preclinical methods for the development of pharmacotherapies of cocaine abuse. In Harris LS (ed) Problems of drug dependence. National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, pp 160-164... 

Lastly, on December 1,2003, the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) published an official notice seeking grant applications focusing on the identification, evaluation and development of safe and effective pharmacological treatments for cannabis-related disorders (CRDs). A section of this notice, titled Targeting Children, explained ... 

Johnston, L., O Malley, P., and Bachman, J. (2000) Monitoring the Future National Results on Adolescent Drug Abuse Overview of Key Findings, 1999. The University of Michigan Institute for Social Research and the National Institute on Drug Abuse. NIH Publication No. 00—4690. 

NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse). NIDA InfoFacts Prescription Pain and Other Medication, Prescription Medications, Selected Prescription Drugs with Potential for Abuse. Available online at http //www.drugabuse.gov/infofacts/PainMed.html. Accessed June 2, 2006. 

---