Narcotic gases

Anesthetic gases Narcotic gases which when inhaled give a feeling of well-being followed by unconsciousness. 

Narcotic gases Gases that produce sleep, stupor, or insensibility when inhaled in certain concentrations. 

Due to all these problems I can no longer practice my old trade and I eventually changed jobs, so I would no longer have to work with narcotic gases. But I still have to deal with my chemical sensitivity to various substances and scents every day. 

Narcotic gases or asphyxiants cause a decrease in oxygen supplied to body tissue, resulting in central nervous system depression, with loss of consciousness and ultimately death. The severity of the effects increases with increasing dose.2 The main asphyxiants, carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide, have been widely studied and are the best understood.5... 

For the first purpose, it is sufficient to abolish the activity of the higher centres in the brain, whereas the complete abolishment of reflex motility requires suppression of more or less the entire central nervous system. Although the latter can be achieved with narcotic gases (such as diethylether and its more modem congeners) alone, it requires higher dosages than are required for pain suppression only. The use of muscle relaxants makes it possible to reduce the amount of narcotic gases needed, and therefore to limit the associated risks and side effects. 

During the operation of a patient, the optimum concentration and composition of narcotic gases can be indicated by the composition of the respiratory gases, i.e. with the concentration ratio of N2 02 C02. This ratio can be measured in vivo with Raman spectroscopy [15.119]. The gas flows through a cell which is placed inside a multipass arrangement for an argon-laser beam (Fig. 15.21). In a plane perpendicular to the beam axis several detectors with special spectral filters are arranged. Each detector monitors a selected Raman line which allows the simultaneous detection of all molecular components of the gas. 

Overall, about 10% of patients have unpleasant but usually transient adverse reactions. Xenon is a narcotic gas, more potent than nitrous oxide, and inhalation of 71% xenon is sufficient for anesthesia in 50% of patients. Lower concentrations of xenon are currently used, but some euphoric or dysphoric effects are still observed and can cause temporary exacerbation of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Mild nausea can also occur, and patients should have an empty stomach before the scan to reduce the risk of vomiting and possible aspiration. Very rarely, apnea can occur and can be... 

Carbon monoxide - carbon monoxide (CO) is an odourless, colourless and toxic gas. It is a narcotic gas that quickly induces sleep and because it is impossible to see, taste or smell the fumes are particular dangerous. Exposure to CO can result in angina, impaired vision and reduced brain function. At higher concentrations, CO exposure can be fatal. While the direct effect on the environment is minimal CO assists in the creation of smog or ground level ozone. 

This correlates narcotic potency, a gas s solubiUty in nerve tissue Hpids which can be approximated by its solubiUty in light oils such as oHve oil. 

The narcotic potency and solubiUty in oHve oil of several metabohcaHy inert gases are Hsted in Table 10. The narcotic potency, ED q, is expressed as the partial pressure of the gas in breathing mixtures requited to produce a certain degree of anesthesia in 50% of the test animals. The solubiUties are expressed as Bunsen coefficients, the volume of atmospheric pressure gas dissolved by an equal volume of Hquid. The Hpid solubiHty of xenon is about the same as that of nitrous oxide, a commonly used light anesthetic, and its narcotic potency is also about the same. As an anesthetic, xenon has the virtues of reasonable potency, nonflammability, chemical inertness, and easy elimination by the body, but its scarcity and great cost preclude its wide use for this purpose (see Anesthetics). 

ED q, narcotic potency, is expressed as the partial pressure of a gas in breathing mixtures requited to produce a certain degree of anesthesia in 50% of the test animals. 

Research Centers (IUCRC), 24 395 Inelastic mean free path (IMFP), 24 87 Inert fluids, 11 877 properties of, 11 879 Inert gas dilution, 11 456 Inert gases, 13 456 17 376-377. See also Helium- group elements Noble gases narcotic potency and solubility of, 17 377 Inert gas generators, 17 280 Inertial confinement fusion targets, microcapsules as, 16 460 Inertial impaction, in depth filtration theory, 11 339... 

Bernstein GA, Hughes JR, Mitchell JE, Thompson T. Effects of narcotic antagonists on self-injurious behavior a single case study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1987 26 886-889. McDougle CJ, Holmes JP, Bronson MR, et al. Risperidone treatment of children and onset bipolar adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders a prospective, open label study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997 36 685-693. 

Finkle et al. (46) have established a GC/MS reference data system for the identification of drugs of abuse. The data include phenethylamine derivatives, opiate and synthetic narcotics, barbiturates, and urinary metabolites. These data have been established for use with the gas chromatographic retention time index previously developed. 

Inhalation may cause dizziness, headache, and nausea mixed with oxygen, it can have narcotic properties, but it is primarily an asphyxiant. Avoid breathing gas. 

Volatile liquid by-product of natural gas or petroleum refining toxic narcotic... 

Acetylene (Figure 13.1) is widely used as a chemical raw material and fuel for oxyacetylene torches. It was once the principal raw material for the manufacture of vinyl chloride (see reaction 13.2.4), but other synthetic routes are now used. Acetylene is a colorless gas with an odor resembling garlic. Though not notably toxic, it acts as an asphyxiant and narcotic and has been used for anesthesia. Exposure can cause headache, dizziness, and gastric disturbances. Some adverse effects from exposure to acetylene may be due to the presence of impurities in the commercial product. 

L. Stomberg, Comparative gas chromatographic analysis of narcotics. Amphetamine sulphate, J. Chromatogr., 706 335 (1975). 

Extensive drug screening is done at many athletic events, such as the Olympic Games. Usually, separate analyses, using different extraction procedures, are done for stimulants, narcotics, anabolic steroids, diuretics, and peptide hormones. In the analysis for stimulants, which are amines such as amphetamine and cocaine, a 5 rnL urine sample is first made basic with K.OH to ensure that the amines are present as the neutral molecules rather than as salts. The free amines are then extracted from the sample with diethyl ether. To save time and expense, the sample is first analyzed by gas chromatography only. If a peak appears with the retention time of one of the proscribed stimulants, then the sample is reanalyzed by GC/MS to confirm the identity of the suspected compound. 

Ethane is an extremely flammable gas present in the exhausts of diesel and gasoline engines, municipal incinerators, and from the combustion of gasoline. Inhalation and other exposure cause CNS depression in mammals. Ethane in liquid form results in frostbite. In high concentrations, ethane causes asphyxiation. The symptoms include loss of mobility and consciousness. The victim may not be aware of asphyxiation. In low concentrations it may cause narcotic effects. Symptoms may include dizziness, headache, nausea, and loss of coordination. Remove the victim to an uncontaminated area while wearing a self-contained breathing apparatus. Keep the victim warm and rested. -" ... 

Figure 2.4. Schematic of gas exchange in the human lung. The distance for diffusion is a mere 20 pm. The total surface area available for exchange is about 80 m. Exchange of oxygen, CO2 and dmg gases such as narcotics is therefore very fast.

To 0.5 ml of urine in a micro test-tube add 100 Lil of 2M sodium hydroxide, and 100 li1 of chloroform, mix for 30 seconds, centrifuge in a high-speed centrifuge for 2 minutes, and inject 3 to 5 Lil of the chloroform extract on to both columns. Identify any peaks which appear by reference to the retention data listed in Table 17. Furdier systems and data for the gas Chromatography of narcotic analgesics are given on p. 198. 

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