Nanotechnology reinforcement mechanisms

Key words ballistic fibers, micro-Raman spectroscopy, nanotechnology, reinforcement mechanisms, reinforcing polymer nanocomposite fibers. 

T.J. Pinnavaia, T. Lan, Z. Wang, H. Shi and P.D. Kaviratna, Clay-reinforced epoxy nanocomposites Synthesis, properties, and mechanism of formation. In G.-M. Chow and K.E. Gonsalves (Eds.), Nanotechnology Molecularly Designed Mlaterials, American Chemical Society, Washington, 1996, Vol. 622, p. 250. 

Vivekchand, S. R. C., Ramamurty, U., and Rao, C. N. R., Mechanical properties of inorganic nanowire reinforced polymer-matrix composites. Nanotechnology, 17, 344-350 (2006). 

The main reason for the recent popularity of nanotechnology is that the reduction of the dimensions of a material to nanosize leads to new specific properties [82]. It is crucial to understand the intrinsic mechanical properties of CNFs in order to incorporate them into polymer resins to fabricate CNFs-reinforced nanocomposites. Because of the structural complexity of CNFs derived from variations in inner and outer wall thickness, cone angle, orientation of graphite plane, and C-C bonds, determination of their mechanical properties had posted considerable difficulties. To date, direct measurement of tensile properties of CNFs is accessible only with the aid... 

The possibility to combine different reinforcement phases in a polymer matrix was also recently considered in order to obtain multifunctional systems with increased mechanical and thermal properties providing also an antimicrobial response. In a recently accepted paper [160] Fortunati et al. demonstrated the high potential benefits offered by nanotechnology in the development of tailor-made nanobiocomposites with specific applications by the combination of two different synthesized nanostructures inorganic nanoparticles and cellulose nanocrystals in a biodegradable polymer matrix. 

Pinnavaia T J, Lan T, Wang Z, Shi H and Kaviratna P D (1996) Clay-Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposites Synthesis, Properties, and Mechanism of Formation, m Nanotechnology. Molecularly Designed Materials (Eds. Chow G-M and Gonsalves K E) American Chemical Society, Washington, Vol. 622, pp. 250-261. 

Zhou, X., Su, D., Wu, C., Liu, L., 2012. Tensile mechanical properties and strengthening mechanism of hybrid carbon nanotube and silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced magnesium alloy composites. Journal of Nanotechnology. Article ID 851862. 

With the advent of nanotechnology, nanocomposite adhesives are fast appearing for many improved applications in aerospace, automotive, medical, and construction industries. For nanofiber-reinforced styrene-butadiene rubber, Kim and Reneker (1999) reported that the Young s modulus of the nanofiber composite was tenfold greater than the pure material at 10 phr nanofiber content. On the other hand, information on the mechanical properties of nanofibers and nanofiber composites has so far been limited (Sancaktar and Aussawasathien 2009). 

Wang Z, Ciselli P, Peijs T (2007) The extraordinary reinforcing efficiency of single-walled carbon nanotubes in oriented poly (vinyl alcohol) tapes. Nanotechnology 18 455709 Abbasi S, Carreau PJ, Derdouri A (2010) Flow induced orientation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in polycarbonate nanocomposites rheology, conductivity and mechanical properties. Polymer 51 922... 

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