Nanocomposite, as reinforcement

The building and construction industry commonly uses polyolefin microcomposite and nanocomposite as reinforcement materials to enhance the physical properties (tensile strength, modulus, and damping) of POCs. There are many current and future applications of POCs in constmction including walling, roofing, outdoor furniture, and timber. These composites can be molded into sheets, frames, pellets, structural shapes, and others [77]. 

Layered Polymer-Polymer Composite with Nanocomposite as Reinforcement... 

Manufacturing and characterization of PP homopolymer-PP copolymer composite with nanocomposite as reinforcement... 

On the basis of the above analysis, the following discussion will focus on the influence of different processing factors on the mechanical properties of the PP homopolymer-PP co]X)l5rmer composite with nanocomposite as reinforcement. As a matter of convenience, the content of the oriented PP reinforcements filled with 1 wt% nano-Si02is fixed at 72.1 wt%. 

Nevertheless, the properties of the PP homopolymer-PP copolymer composites with nanocomposite as reinforcement are significantly lower than those of the oriented PP reinforcements filled with nano-Si02 (refer to Figure 21.4 and Table 21.5), implying that properties decay must occur in the course of hot-compaction. This is understandable because disorientation is inevitable when the materials axe heated. The challenge lies in how to minimize the decay. 

This chapter describes two important and diverse roles played by polysaccharides in development of biocomposites viz. as reinforcing agents in polymers matrix and second as matrix for synthesis of green metal nanocomposites... 

CNTs can enhance the thermal properties of CNT-polymer nanocomposites. The reinforcing function is closely associated with the amount and alignment of CNTs in the composites. Well-dispersed and long-term stable carbon nanotubes/ polymer composites own higher modulus and better thermal property as well as better electronic conductivity (Valter et al., 2002 Biercuk et al., 2002). Both SWNT and MWNT can improve the thermal stability and thermal conductivity of polymer, the polymer-CNT composites can be used for fabricating resistant-heat materials. 

Due to the potential high-temperature application of nanocomposites, as well as the fact that metal-reinforced ceramic nanocomposites combine metal and non-metal phases in equilibrium, it is important to understand the oxidation resistance of such materials. Using the Ni-alumina system as an example, and following Sekino et al.,12 the partial pressure of oxygen required to prevent the formation of nickel spinel (NiAl204) from a two-phase mixture of Ni and A1203 can be described as 58,59... 

Due to their unique mechanical and electronic properties carbon nanotubes (CNT) are promising for use as reinforcing elements in polymer matrixes [1, 2]. The main problems are creation of strong cohesion of CNT with a polymer matrix and uniform distribution of CNT in matrix [3], The goals of this work were development of PTFE-MWNT nanocomposite material with high mechanical characteristics and investigation of influence of MWNT surface groups on mechanical and electronic parameters of the composite material. 

Bondeson D, Kvien I, Oksman K (2006) Strategies for preparation of cellulose whiskers from MCC as reinforcement in nanocomposites. ACS Symp Ser 938 10-25... 

This structural information can also help explain changes observed in the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. As the amorphous content of the samples decreases from UM to dPC and the material becomes more crystalline, the nanocomposites become stronger. Also in the core of the injection moulded test bars where slow cooling is prevalent, the more stable a structure appears to form readily. As the y crystal structure is said to be more ductile than the a, it would be expected that the tensile strength of materials containing mostly a crystals, like DdPC-OdPC, to be much stronger than those with high levels of y crystal in the core. So not only is the increase in modulus due to the reinforcement provided by the clay layers and increase in crystallinity, but also the reduction in y crystal content. 

In terms of nanocomposite reinforcement of thermoplastic starch polymers there has been many exciting new developments. Dufresne [62] and Angles [63] highlight work on the use of microcrystalline whiskers of starch and cellulose as reinforcement in thermoplastic starch polymer and synthetic polymer nanocomposites. They find excellent enhancement of properties, probably due to transcrystallisation processes at the matrix/fibre interface. McGlashan [64] examine the use of nanoscale montmorillonite into thermoplastic starch/polyester blends and find excellent improvements in film blowability and tensile properties. Perhaps surprisingly McGlashan [64] also found an improvement in the clarity of the thermoplastic starch based blown films with nanocomposite addition which was attributed to disruption of large crystals. 

Polymer nanocomposites multicomponentness (multiphaseness) requires their stmctural components to be quantitative characteristics determination. In this aspect, interfacial regions play a particular role, as it has been shown earlier, that they are the same reinforcing element in elastomeric nanocomposites as nanofiller actually [ 1 ]. Therefore, the knowledge of interfacial layer dimensional characteristics is necessary for quantitative determination of one of the most important parameters of polymer composites, in general,— their reinforcement degree [2, 3]. 

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs), due to their unique structure and properties, appear to offer quite promising potential for industrial application [236]. As prices decrease, they become increasingly affordable for use in polymer nanocomposites as structural materials in many large scale applications. In fact, three applications of multiwall CNT have been discussed recently first, antistatic or conductive materials [237] second, mechanically reinforced materials [238,239] and third, flame retarded materials [240,241]. The success of CNTs in the field of antistatic or conductive materials is based on the extraordinary electrical properties of CNTs and their special geometry, which enables percolation at very low concentrations of nanotubes in the polymer matrix [242]. 

Kim et al. studied the effect of bacterial cellulose on the transparency of PLA/bacterial nanocomposites, since bacterial cellulose had shown good potential as reinforcement or preparing optically transparent materials due to its structure, which consists of ribbon-shaped fibrils with diameters in the range from 10 to 50 nm. They found that light transmission of the PLA/bacterial cellulose nanocomposite was quite high due to the size effect of... 

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