Intrinsic mechanical properties

Khatiwala, C.B., Peyton, S.R., and Putnam, A.J. (2006) Intrinsic mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix affect the behavior of pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 290, C1640-C1650. 

The intrinsic mechanical properties of plastics and composites are different from those of conventional materials ... 

Force versus displacement data are directly useful in comparing some simple mechanical properties of particles from different samples, for example, the force required to break the particle and the deformation at breakage. However, these properties are not intrinsic, that is, they might depend on the particular method of measurement. Determination of intrinsic mechanical properties of the particles requires mathematical models to derive the stress-strain relationships of the material. 

Until recently there was only limited knowledge on the mechanical properties of animal cells. Micromanipulation has allowed some progress in this area. Figure 11 shows typical force-sampling time data for a hybridoma, with a bursting force of a few micro-Newtons. From such data the intrinsic mechanical properties of cell diameter, membrane tension at bursting and elastic area compressibility modulus can be... 

The ability to derive the intrinsic mechanical properties of yeast cells should now allow the mechanisms of high-pressure homogenisation to be determined unambiguously, and a priori predictions of the extent of cell disruption to be made for given homogeniser conditions. This should allow better process optimisation. 

This critical compaction step is avoided in the case of the electrochemical route of pulsed electrodeposition (PED) [29] which transforms cations, i.e. atomic species, directly into nanomaterials without the detour via nanopartides. In this way densities up to 99% of the theoretical value can be achieved, such that these materials exhibit, for instance, intrinsic mechanical properties and not those dominated by voids. 

None of the mechanical product properties can be estimated directly from additive quantities. There exist, however, several quantitative relationships that connect the mechanical product properties with intrinsic mechanical properties. 

The elastic moduli are an intrinsic mechanical property of a material dominated by the strength of the chemical bond between atoms. The potential energy associated with the bond between a pair of atoms is determined by a balance of the forces of attraction and repulsion... 

A thorough understanding of the mechanics of UHMWPE is important for efforts to improve the performance of orthopedic components. Elastic properties, resistance to plastic deformation, stress and strain at failure, fatigue behavior, and wear resistance of UHMWPE are believed to play roles in the life expectancy of an UHMWPE bearing. There exists a fundamental relationship between a material s intrinsic mechanical properties, akin to state variables, and how a structure made of the material will respond under mechanical stimuli. This material-specific fundamental relationship is referred to as a constitutive model. A validated constitutive model is a required input to a finite element (FE)-based simulahon of a structure made of the material in question. 

The main reason for the recent popularity of nanotechnology is that the reduction of the dimensions of a material to nanosize leads to new specific properties [82]. It is crucial to understand the intrinsic mechanical properties of CNFs in order to incorporate them into polymer resins to fabricate CNFs-reinforced nanocomposites. Because of the structural complexity of CNFs derived from variations in inner and outer wall thickness, cone angle, orientation of graphite plane, and C-C bonds, determination of their mechanical properties had posted considerable difficulties. To date, direct measurement of tensile properties of CNFs is accessible only with the aid... 

Armstrong, C. and Mow, V.C. (1982) Variations in the intrinsic mechanical properties of human articular cartilage with age, degeneration and water content. J. Bone Joint Surg., 64A, 88-94. 

Krucinska I, Evaluation of the intrinsic mechanical properties of carbon fibers. Composite Sci Technol, 41(3), 287-301, 1991. 

Sokolov et al. (1969a) at about 175 K indicate their material was relatively brittle at this temperature. A rather rapid rise of ductility in tension (Sokolov et al., 1969a) and compression (Sokolov et al., 1970a) near 700 to 800 K is probably associated with recrystallization during testing since this should be the appropriate temperature range for dynamic recrystallization. It seems rather evident that none of the data shown in fig. 8.11 reveals the intrinsic mechanical properties of pure scandium. 

Comparing, however, the intrinsic mechanical properties of HP-PE fibres with those of the modern generation of carbon fibres, one could obtain unique materials. (Carbon fibres are well-known to be rather brittle but possess a high compressive strength/modulus in contrast to HP-PE fibres which possess opposite characteristics. Combining both types of fibres into so-called hybrid composite structures, one could obtain in principle unique structured materials in terms of impact-strength-stiffness. 

The inherent properties of CNT assiune that the structure is well preserved (laige-aspect-ratio and without defects). The first step toward effective reinforcement of polymers using nano-fillers is to achieve a uniform dispersion of the fillers within the hosting matrix, and this is also related to the as-synihesized nano-carbon structme. Secondly, effective interfacial interaction and stress transfer between CNT and polymer is essential for improved mechanical properties of the fiber composite. Finally, similar to polymer molecules, the excellent intrinsic mechanical properties of CNT can be fully exploited only if an ideal imiaxial orientation is achieved. Therefore, during the fabrication of polymer/CNT fibers, four key areas need to be addressed and imderstood in order to successfully control the... 

In 2010, Blaiszik et al (2010b) combined the use of fibres with spherical capsules to restore the adhesion between fibre and matrix. In their approach they coated E-glass fibres with Grubbs catalyst and with 1.5 pm diameter capsules containing dicyclopentadiene. This approach did not affect the intrinsic mechanical properties of the fibres and the composite while the system showed significant, although not optimal, interfadal shear strength recovery. 

Coaxial electrospinning, also referred to as core-shell or core-sheath electrospinning, is the process of enclosing one material around the other through the use of concentric needles (Fig. 10.4). It has been demonstrated that this procedure can incorporate materials that are unable to be processed alone, when the sheath acts as a carrier of the core solution (Bazilevsky et al., 2007). With this method, unspinnable materials can be used for tuning the intrinsic mechanical properties of the fibers, or a drug of interest can be loaded into the core material to control tissue morphogenesis (Han et al., 2008 Qu et al., 2013). 

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