Nanostructures carbon nanotubes

Keywords nanostructure, carbon nanotubes, arc discharge, plasma reactions, transmission electron microscopy. 

The National Toxicology Program (NTP) has initiated efforts to examine a select representation of nanostructures - carbon nanotubes, fuUerenes, nanostructured titanium dioxide (1102), and zinc oxide (ZnO) particles used in sunscreens and bactericides, and quantum dots. 

Ahn H-J, Moon WJ, Seong TY, Wang D (2009) Three-dimensional nanostructured carbon - nanotube array/PtRu nanoparticle electrodes for micro-fuel cells. Electrochem Commun 11 635-638... 

Baba A, Kanetsuna Y, Sriwichai S, Ohdaira Y, Shinbo K, Kato K, Phanichphant S, Kaneko F (2010) Nanostructured carbon nanotubes/copper phthalocyanine hybrid multilayers prepared using layer-by-layer self-assembly. Thin Solid Films 518 2200-2205... 

The nanostructures (carbon nanotubes, fullerenes and other carbon elements) are deposited to the collector surface. 

In this work, simple (single-use) biosensors with a layer double stranded (ds) calf thymus DNA attached to the surface of screen-printed carbon electrode assembly have been prepared. The sensor efficiency was significantly improved using nanostructured films like carbon nanotubes, hydroxyapatite and montmorillonite in the polyvinylalcohol matrix. 

Many research opportunities exist for the controlled manipulation of structures of nm dimensions. Advances made in the characterization and manipulation of carbon nanotubes should therefore have a substantial general impact on the science and technology of nanostructures. The exceptionally high modulus and strength of thin multi-wall carbon nanotubes can be used in the manipulation of carbon nanotubes and other nanostructures [212, 213]. 

Key Words—Carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, STM, fibers, nanostructures, vapor growth. 

Key Words—Nanotubes, pyrolytic carbon nanotubes, hemi-toroidal nanostructures. 

Hollow carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be used to generate nearly onedimensional nanostrutures by filling the inner cavity with selected materials. Capillarity forces can be used to introduce liquids into the nanometric systems. Here, we describe experimental studies of capillarity filling in CNTs using metal salts and oxides. The filling process involves, first a CNT-opening steps by oxidation secondly the tubes are immersed into different molten substance. The capillarity-introduced materials are subsequently transformed into metals or oxides by a thermal treatment. In particular, we have observed a size dependence of capillarity forces in CNTs. The described experiments show the present capacities and potentialities of filled CNTs for fabrication of novel nanostructured materials. 

Gooding JJ. 2005. Nanostructuring electrodes with carbon nanotubes A review on electrochemistry and applications for sensing. Electrochim Acta 50 3049-3060. 

Chemists have been working for a long time with particles having sizes of nanometers. The novelty of recent developments concerns the ability to make nanostructured substances with uniform particle sizes and in regular arrays. In this way it becomes feasible to produce materials that have definite and reproducible properties that depend on the particle size. The development began with the discovery of carbon nanotubes by Ijima in 1991 (Fig. 11.15, p. 116). 

Aside from the methods for the production of carbon nanotubes mentioned on page 115, a number of methods to make nanostructured materials have been developed. In the following we mention a selection. 

A classic case is an EC of a faradic type in which an electrode is comprised of Ni(OH)2, MnOOH, etc. active materials. Since in these chemistries the conductivity depends on electrode state-of-charge charge level, they require presence of additional stable conductive skeletons in their structure. Noteworthy mentioning that besides traditional forms of carbon or other conductors that may form such a skeleton, the latest progressive investigations demonstrate the possibility of application of different nanostructured forms of carbon, such as single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes [4, 5], Yet, for the industrial application, highly conductive carbon powders, fibers and metal powders dominate at present. 

Frackowiak E., Beguin F. Electrochemical storage of energy in carbon nanotubes and nanostructured carbons. Carbon 2002 40 1775-87. 

An additional and very attractive aspect of molecular qubits is the fact that they are stable in solution, and that the ligand shell can be functionalized with specific chemical groups. In recent years, this has enabled depositing molecular clusters onto different substrates and grafting them to nanostructures or devices, such as carbon nanotube single electron transistors or point contacts [112]. These devices... 

Zuttel, A., C. Nutzenadel, P. Sudan, P. Mauron, C. Emmenegger, S. Rentsch, L. Schlapbach, A. Weidenkaff, and T. Kiyobayashi, Hydrogen sorption by carbon nanotubes and other carbon nanostructures, ]. Alloys Compd., 2002. 

The main difference between titania nanotube and the ID nanostructures discussed before is the presence of an hollow structure, but which has significant consequences for their use as catalytic materials (i) in the hollow fiber nanoconfinement effects are possible, which can be relevant for enhancing the catalytic performance (ii) due to the curvature, similarly to multi-wall carbon nanotubes, the inner surface in the nanotube is different from that present on the external surface this effect could be also used to develop new catalysts and (iii) different active components can be localized on the external and internal walls to realize spatially separated (on a nanoscale level) multifunctional catalysts. 

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