Arrays, nanotube

No superconductivity has yet been found in carbon nanotubes or nanotube arrays. Despite the prediction that ID electronic systems cannot support supercon-ductivity[33,34], it is not clear that such theories are applicable to carbon nanotubes, which are tubular with a hollow core and have several unit cells around the circumference. Doping of nanotube bundles by the insertion of alkali metal dopants between the tubules could lead to superconductivity. The doping of individual tubules may provide another possible approach to superconductivity for carbon nanotube systems. 

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Fig. 7.9 SEM images of HSA nanotubes pre- (C) The length of the resulting nanotubes is pared by self-assembly in AAO membranes. about 60pm. (D) Highlyflexible HSA nanotubes. (A) HSA nanotube arrays afterthe removal ofthe (Reproduced from [93] with permission of the AAO template. (B) Highly ordered HSA nano- American Chemical Society, Copyright 2005 tubes with a wall thickness of around 30 nm. American Chemical Society).

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Figure 14.9. Schematic of a solution-grown nanorod/nanotube array (e.g., ZnO), which can be coupled with a light absorbing polymer to produce a functional organic-inorganic photovoltaic device. 

Finally, an interesting concept, recently advanced, is the implementation of active materials as nanotube arrays. These systems have high surface area to optimize contact between semiconductor and electrolyte, and good light trapping properties. Their inner space could also be filled with catalysts or sensitizers and/ or pn junctions to obtain charge separation and facilitate electron transport [136]. 

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Fig. 3.23 Efficiency under near UV illumination of a photoelectrochemical cell comprised of a titania nanotube array photoanode and Pt counter electrode. For the calculation of efficiency using equation (3.6.13), a two electrode geometry was used while for the calculation using equations (3.6.15a) and (3.6.16), a three electrode geometry was used.

Fig. 3.24 Incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE) spectrum of a titania nanotube array photoelectrode.

Fig. 3.25 (a) The solar photocurrent spectrum of a titania nanotube array obtained using data from Fig. 3.19 and Fig. 3.24. (b) The total solar photocurrent obtained by integrated the photocurrent of (a). 

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