Nanocomposites carbon black

FIGURE 20.14 (a) Height image of a cluster of carbon black (CB) particles. The sample was prepared by pressing the particles into a pellet, (b) Optical micrograph of a cryo-ultramicrotome cut of a mbbery composite loaded with silica, (c, d) Phase images of a nanocomposite of polyurethane (PU) loaded with silica and a mbber blend based on natural mbber (NR) and styrene-butadiene copolymer (SBR) loaded with siUca, respectively. The samples were prepared with a cryo-ultramicrotome. 

Researchers [37] also compared the storage modulus of a 40 phr carbon black-filled compound and a 10 phr SWNT-NR nanocomposite. The different properties between carbon black- and SWNTs-filled NR nanocomposites can be explained in terms of two different filler morphology, particularly surface area, aspect ratio, and stmcture. It can be observed from Figure 28.22 that... 

In the previous several years, various nanoparticles have been assembled into pairs to fabricate polymer nanocomposites, such as clay/silica (45), clay/carbon black (43), CNTs/clay (41,42), and CNTs/Titanium (38). Polymer/CNTs/clay ternary composite is one of most important multiphase systems with interesting synergistic effect, where sodium based montmorillonite (MMT) are the most commonly used layered clay. In this chapter, we will select some typical examples to demonstrate the importance and synergies of using CNTs and clay together in the preparation of polymer nanocomposites. 

This paper represents an overview of investigations carried out in carbon nanotube / elastomeric composites with an emphasis on the factors that control their properties. Carbon nanotubes have clearly demonstrated their capability as electrical conductive fillers in nanocomposites and this property has already been commercially exploited in the fabrication of electronic devices. The filler network provides electrical conduction pathways above the percolation threshold. The percolation threshold is reduced when a good dispersion is achieved. Significant increases in stiffness are observed. The enhancement of mechanical properties is much more significant than that imparted by spherical carbon black or silica particles present in the same matrix at a same filler loading, thus highlighting the effect of the high aspect ratio of the nanotubes. 

MWCNTs-Nafion nanocomposite. The EDS patterns of MWCNTs-Nafion nanocomposite before and after electrochemical deposition of Ag nanoparticles are shown in Fig. 6.2a, b, respectively. It indicates that C is the major element which is derived from MWCNTs and Nation. The Ag element can be identified in Fig. 6.2b after the electrochemical deposition of Ag nanoparticles. The prepared Ag-MWCNTs-Nafion nanocomposite was used to detect the typical SERS active probe molecule such as R6G. For the determination, the Ag-MWCNTs-Nafion-nanocomposite-modified ITO substrates were placed on the bottom of a liquid cell with 35 mF aqueous solution. Two control experiments at the Ag-coated and Ag-carbon black (CB)-Nafion-coated ITO substrates were performed for comparison. The Raman spectra of 10 " M R6G in aqueous solution at the surfaces of MWCNTs-Nafion, Ag, Ag-CB-Nafion, and Ag-MWCNTs-Nafion-modified ITO substrates are shown in Fig. 6.3a-d, respectively. The peaks at 1,186, 1,310,... 

Applications. Numerous uses of x-ray analysis were reported for filled systems. They include orientation of talc particles in extruded thennoplastics, particle size deteimination in nanocomposites, crystallinity of talc nucleated PP, crystallinity of polymerization filled PE, diffraction pattern of filled PVA, structure of nanocomposites based on montmorillonite, degree of filler mixing, structural characteristics of fillers, structure of carbon black filled rubber, the effect of apatite concentration on the structure of wood pulp, and graphite as template. " This list shows the versatility of the method in applications to filled systems. 

Special methods of incorporation alkyl peroxide bridging to vinyl containing siloxane polymers used for conductive applications improved curing characteristics decreased by the presence of carbon black crosslinking based on platinum catalyzed polyvinylmethyl siloxane and polymethyl hydrogen siloxane is not inhibited by carbon black in situ silica formation in fonnation of PDMS nanocomposite, montmorillonite was delaminated in polymer prior to crosslinking ... 

The pol5mier nanocomposite field has been studied heavily in the past decade. However, polymier nanocomposite technology has been around for quite some time in the form of latex paints, carbon-black filled tires, and other pol5mier systems filled with nanoscale particles. However, the nanoscale interface nature of these materials was not truly understood and elucidated until recently [2 7]. Today, there are excellent works that cover the entire field of polymer nanocomposite research, including applications, with a wide range of nanofillers such as layered silicates (clays), carbon nanotubes/nanofibers, colloidal oxides, double-layered hydroxides, quantum dots, nanocrystalline metals, and so on. The majority of the research conducted to date has been with organically treated, layered silicates or organoclays. 

With this technique, the amount of carbon black that could be encapsulated in the nanocomposite increases to 80%. Although this technique was initially developed for carbon black, it has been successfully applied to other pigments, such as organic pigment and hydrophilic magnetile." " ... 

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