Nano-characterization

F. Phillipp in Proc. of the Asian Science Seminar on New Directions in Transmission Electron Microscopy and Nano-Characterization of Materials, eds. C. Kinoshita, Y. Tomokiyo, and S. Matsumura (Kyushu University Press, Fukuoka, 1SBN4-87378-558-8) (1998) 75... 

With so many advanced techniques for characterization of nanostructures available, it is important to nnderstand these and their capabilities so that they can be selected and used correctly. Owing to the important technological advancements that can be envisaged from the control and nnderstanding of nanostructures, the development of improved and new nano-characterization techniques is most likely to continue strongly for the foreseeable future. 

The nano-scale structures in polymer layered-silicate nano-composites can be thoroughly characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD is used to identify intercalated structures. XRD allows quantification of changes in layer spacing and the most commonly used to probe the nano-composite structure and... 

In the matrix of PLA/ polycaprilactone (PCL)/OMMT nano-composites, the silicate layers of the organoclay were intercalated and randomly distributed (Zhenyang et at, 2007). The PLA/PCL blend significantly improved the tensile and other mechanical properties by addition of OMMT. Thermal stability of PLA/PCL blends was also explicitly improved when the OMMT content is less than 5%wt. Preparation of PLA/thermoplastic starch/MMT nano-composites have been investigated and the products have been characterized using X-Ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and tensile measurements. The results show improvement in the tensile and modulus, and reduction in fracture toughness (Arroyo et ah, 2010). 

Plasticized PLA-based nano-composites were prepared and characterized with polyethylene glycol and MMT. It is reported that the organo-modified MMT-based composites show the possible competition between the polymer matrix and the plasticizer for the intercalation between the alumino-silicate layers (Paul et ah, 2002). 

Qi, L. Colfen, H. and Antonietti, M. (2001). Synthesis and Characterization of CdS Nanoparticles Stabilised by Double Hydrophilic Block Copolymers. Nano Lett, 1, 61-65. 

The importance of surface characterization in molecular architecture chemistry and engineering is obvious. Solid surfaces are becoming essential building blocks for constructing molecular architectures, as demonstrated in self-assembled monolayer formation [6] and alternate layer-by-layer adsorption [7]. Surface-induced structuring of liqnids is also well-known [8,9], which has implications for micro- and nano-technologies (i.e., liqnid crystal displays and micromachines). The virtue of the force measurement has been demonstrated, for example, in our report on novel molecular architectures (alcohol clusters) at solid-liquid interfaces [10]. 

JH Fendler, ed. Nanoparticles and Nano structured Films Preparation, Characterization and Applications. New York Wiley, 1998. 

The morphology of the carbon was characterized by SEM and the particle size was determined by particle size analyzer. Figure 4 shows the SEM images of the carbon black. It was observed that the carbon black particles exhibit a sphere particle with nano-sized diameter. 

CPOs are best characterized by the following three features 1) axial coordination to the incorporated metals, 2) specific nano-sized space created by rigid porphyrin panels, and 3) specific (photo-induced) redox reactions associated with the porphyrin s rr-electron system. In this chapter, some examples are reviewed based on these properties. 

Analytical (flow-pattern) characterization is more difflcult as the particle bed is not transparent and covers most of the flow-through chamber. Another drawback stems from the size distribution of the particles of the catalyst bed, giving interstices which vary in typical dimensions. Here, however, today s considerable efforts in nano- and micro-material research may provide regular, mono-sized particles in the near future which will allow one to create much improved micro flow-packed beds. 

Nanoscale molecules and molecular assemblies are being used more and more frequently as they reduce costs and use fewer resources. In order to be able to analyze and characterize these materials, new techniques have to be developed or refined. This two-volurne work brings together the knowledge from research and from industry of molecular nano dynamics. The topics are clearly divided into five parts over the 2 volumes, which focus on different topics. 

The rapid development of nanotechnology has revolutionized scientific developments in recent decades [1]. The synthesis, characterization, and application of functionalized nanoparticles are currently a very active field of research [2], Due to the size limitation of metal nanoparticles, they show very unique properties, which are called nano-size effect or quantum-size effect , which is different from those of both bulk metals and metal atoms. Such specific properties are usually dominated by the atoms located on the surface. In nanoparticles systems, the number of atoms located on the surface of the particles increases tremendously with decreasing of the particle diameter [3]. 

Analytical investigations usually concern samples which are temporally and locally invariant. This kind of analysis is denoted as bulk analysis (average analysis). On the other hand, analytical investigations can particularly be directed to characterize temporal or local dependences of the composition or structure of samples. One has to perform dynamic analysis or process analysis on the one hand and distribution analysis, local analysis, micro analysis, and nano analysis on the other. 

Cheng, W.T. and Cheng, H.W. (2009) Synthesis and characterization of cobalt nano-particles through microwave polyol process. AIChEJournal, 55 (6), 1383-1389. 

Vestal, C.R. and Zhang, Z.J. (2003) Synthesis and magnetic characterization of Mn and Co spinel ferrite—silica nanopartides with tunable magnetic core. Nano Letters, 3 (12), 1739-1743. 

Ding, L. et al. (2005) Molecular characterization of the cytotoxic mechanism of multiwall carbon nanotubes and nano-onions on human skin fibroblast. Nano Letters, 5 (12), 2448-64. 

Krishnaveni, T., Komarneni, S. and Murthy, S. (2006) Microwave hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of nanosize NiCuZn ferrites. Synth. React. Inorg. Met.-Org. Nano-Met. Chem., 36, 143-148. 

Li, Y. and Kim, S.J. (2005) Synthesis and characterization of nano titania particles embedded in mesoporous silica with both high photocatalytic activity and adsorption capability. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 109, 12309-12315. 

R.A. Prethrick, Polymer Structure Characterization from Nano to Macro Organization, RSC Publishing, Cambridge, 2007. 

NEW NANO- THROUGH MACRO-CARBONS FOR ENERGY SYSTEMS SYNTHESIS, MODELING, CHARACTERIZATION... 

B. (2006) Self-assembly and characterization of layered double hydroxide/DNA hybrids. Nano Letters, 6, 199-204. 

Growth of nano-zeolite Beta on Montmorillonite Preparation, characterization and catalytic performance... 

A new composite containing montmorillonite and zeolite Beta was prepared and characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, FT-IR, SEM and catalytic testing. It indicates that nano-zeolite Beta grows on montmorillonite, and high diffusion is obtained, due to the abundance of interspace formed in composite. 

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