Nanoparticles stabilisation

Qi, L. Colfen, H. and Antonietti, M. (2001). Synthesis and Characterization of CdS Nanoparticles Stabilised by Double Hydrophilic Block Copolymers. Nano Lett, 1, 61-65. 

Hou Z, Theyssen N, Leitner W (2007) Palladium nanoparticles stabilised on PEG-modified silica as catalysts for the aerobic alcohol oxidation in supercritical carbon dioxide. Green Chem 9(2) 127-132... 

Dong Y, Ma Y, Zhai T, Shen F, Zeng Y, Fu H, Yao J (2007) Silver nanoparticles stabilised by thermoresponsive microgel particles synthesis and evidence of an electron donor-acceptor effect. Macromol Rapid Commun 28 2339-2345... 

Rhodium, palladium and platinum nanoparticles, stabilised with poly (TV-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP), have also been evaluated in the hydrogenation of olefins and benzene.1741 After five catalytic runs, no aggregation and change in particle size was observed. 

Gin and coworkers used Pd nanoparticles stabilised by a cross-hnked lyotrophic liquid crystal (LLC) in the Heck reaction of aryl bromides with styrene or butyl acrylate. The material was prepared, after preparing a LLC structured polymer (Fig. 

Fig. 10.3 Pd nanoparticles stabilised by a cross-linked lyotrophic liquid crystal. Reprinted from Ref- [14] with the permission from the ACS.

Moreno-Manas and Pleixats reported the use of soluble Pd nanoparticles stabilised by l,5-bis(4,4 -bis(perfluorooctyl)phenyl)-l,4-pentadien-3-one in the fluorous phase [24]. This catalytic system was used in the Heck arylation of iodobenzene with ethyl acrylate, showing high recyclability without apparent loss of activity over five consecutive runs by simple extraction of the catalytic material with fluorous solvents. 

Marr and coworkers described the preparation of Pd nanoparticles-stabilised aerogels using an ionic liquid route [29]. The material was prepared by inclusion of pre-formed Pd colloids (2 nm) stabilised by imidazolium salts in a silica monolith. The material was only tested in the reaction of iodobenzene with butyl acrylate, showing good activity (TON = 2092). No aggregation of Pd particles was observed by TEM however Pd leaching, probably accounting for the activity, was detected by ICP-AES. 

Coggan and coworkers also reported a process for produdng Pd/Cu nanoparticles stabilised by tetra-octylammonium bromides and used them as catalysts in the Suzuki reaction [45, 46]. Various Pd/Cu ratios were studied, a 1 1 ratio giving the most active catalysts. 

Hasell T, Yang J, Wang W, Li J, Brown PD, Poliakoff M, Lester E, Howdle SM (2007) Preparation of polymer-nanoparticle composite beads by a nanoparticle-stabilised suspension polymerisation. J Mater Chem 17 4382-4386... 

Gold nanoparticles stabilised by agarose (A-AuNP). K.V. Katti and coworkers [Kattumuri et al. Appl Phys Lett 88 153114 2006] prepared this similarly, but replacing GA by agarose. A-AuNPs were used for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic detection of DNA nucleosides as well as the other applicatiorrs stated above. 

Moreno-Manas, M., Pleixats, R. and Villarroya, S. (2002) Palladium nanoparticles stabilised by polyfluorinated chains. Chem. Commun., 60-1. 

Trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) caps are used in quantum dots for LEDs moreover, the CdSe cores of these quantum dots can be obtained directly from cadmium selenide complexes as (12.401) [18,19]. Both TOPO and TOP can be used to produce various nanocrystals [20,21], Quantum dots of InP and GeP are being explored [22,23], Nickel nanoparticles, stabilised by TOPO, have been converted to Ni2P nanoparticles by the action of white phosphorus [21]. Highly luminescent nanocrystals of InP have been obtained. 

Bonnemann H, Brinkmann R, Kinge S, Ely TO, Armand M (2004) Chloride free Pt- and PtRu-nanoparticles stabilised by Armand s ligand as precursors for fuel cell catalysts. Fuel Cells 4 289-296... 

Zhao Y Gao Y, Zhan D, Liu H, Zhao Q, Kou Y, Shao Y, Li M, Zhuang Q, Zhu Z (2005) Selective detection of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid by a carbon nanotubes-ionic liquid gel modified electrode. Talanta66(l) 51-57 Boennemann H, Brinkmann R, Kinge S, Ely TO, Armand M (2004) Chloride free Pt- and PtRu- nanoparticles stabilised by armand s ligand as precursors for fuel cell catalysts. Fuel Cells 4(4) 289-296... 

Soluble iron oxide nanoparticles, stabilised with carboxylated PAMAM dendrimers, have been produced by Douglas and co-workers [62]. Oxidation of Fe(II) at slightly elevated pH (ca. 8.5) and temperature ( 65°C) in the presence of the carboxylated dendrimer resulted in the formation of highly soluble nanocomposited of iron oxide and dendrimer (Scheme 8.2). 

Hou, Z., Theyssen, N. and Leitner, W. (2007). Palladium Nanoparticles Stabilised on PEG-Modified Sihca as Catalysts for the Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, Green Chem., 9, pp. 127—132. 

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