Imaging and Characterization of the Bio-Nano Interface

Universal Technology Corporation, Dayton, OH, USA Airbase Sciences Branch, Air Force Research Laboratory, Tyndall Air Force Base, FL, USA 

Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering and Center for Emerging Energy Technologies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA 

Characterizing the interfaee between immobilized biomolecules and a transdueer is critieal for gamering insight into spatial distribution and ordered orientation of bioeatalysts. In particular, the use of immobilization techniques to ineorporate enzymes into hierarehieal eomposite materials (see Chapter 10) and layered arehi-teetures requires detailed information about the composition, physical characteristics, and chemical stracture of the resulting electrode [1]. 

Herein, we wUl discuss a number of tools that may be employed to characterize the bio-nano interface. Many of these techniques have been modified from other areas of research they are often not optimized directly for biological systems. An understanding of how to modify such techniques to collect useful information from biological interfaces is a critical aspect of understanding bioelectrocatalytic activity 

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