Mutagenicity list

Mutagenicity list, 23 114 Mutagenicity test battery, 25 221 Mutagenicity testing, pesticide-related, 25 548-549... 

Mutagenic Mutagenic substance causes genetic alterations, such as genetic mutation or a change to the structure and number of chromosomes (mutagens listed in Section 3.3). 

The Danish EPA has developed an advisory list for self-classification of dangerous substances including 20 624 substances. The substances have been identified by means of QSAR models (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship) as having acute oral toxicity, sensitization, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and/or danger to the aquatic environment. 

U.S. EPA may list a waste as hazardous for any and all of the above reasons. The majority of listed wastes fall into the toxic waste category. To decide if a waste should be a toxic listed waste, U.S. EPA first determines whether it typically contains harmful chemical constituents. An appendix to RCRA contains a list of chemical compounds or elements that scientific studies have shown to have toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic effects on humans or other life forms. If a waste contains chemical constituents found on the appendix list, U.S. EPA then evaluates 11 other factors to determine if the wastestream is likely to pose a threat in the absence of special restrictions on its handling. These additional considerations include a risk assessment and study of past cases of damage caused by the waste. 

The alkylation of dianion of methyl 3-nitropropionate requires 5 equiv of HMPA. HMPA is a listed mutagen and should not be used in industry or in academia. l,3-Dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetra-hydropyrimidine (DMPU)164 and quinuclidine IV-oxide (QNO)165 are recommended as replacements of HMPA (Eq. 7.119). 

The mutagenic compounds used with the corresponding abbreviations and concentrations used, are listed in Table 2. 

Only four plant species, i.e., Vicia faba, Allium cepa, Pisum sativum and Triticum turgidum, responded adequately to the Feulgen procedure, and were considered for use in the successive experiments. These species, together with the corresponding mutagenic compounds used and the mutagenicity tests adopted (see below in Sect. 2.4.) are listed in Table 4. 

Carbonyl stretch frequencies, carbonyl 13C and amide 15N chemical shifts for a wide range of A-acyloxy-A-alkoxyamides are listed in Table 2 together with those of the precursor hydroxamic esters. Spectroscopically, mutagens can be categorised into six types ... 

A survey is made of European Union directives regulating the use of hazardous chemicals and other industrial materials. A list is presented of carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic substances covered by Directive 97/10/ CE. 

Category A lists three types of studies for human health effects basic acute toxicity tests, a 28-day animal study (referred to in other discussions as a "sub-chronic" test), and a series of two (or more) screening tests for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. 

DMC is classified as a flammable liquid, smells like methanol, and does not have irritating or mutagenic effects, either by contact or inhalation. Therefore, it can be handled safely without the special precautions required for the poisonous and mutagenic methyl halides and DMS, and extremely toxic phosgene. Some physicochemical properties of DMC are listed in Table 4.2. 

Substitution in 98/8/EC is maintained indirectly though the application of comparative risk assessment, which is mandated in Article 10 of the directive. In order to include active substances in Annex I, lA or IB, several requirements have to be fulfilled. For example, active substances cannot be incorporated in the list if they are carcinogenic, mutagenic, toxic for reproduction, sensitising or bioaccumulative. 

For further detailed information see refs 6, 76-81, 183 and 184. For MAK values of CFCs, etc., see Table 3. Most of the compounds listed above show considerable cardiac cffccts.7,, 0 J2 Carcinogenic and mutagenic potentials are reported in refs 93 and 94. b ODP = ozone depletion potential relative to Rll, calculated over their full lifetime.75 For global w arming potentials, see Table 13. 

TABOR At the USEPA Workshop at Palo Alto, California, in July 1984 [see chapter 2 of this book], it was suggested that every one of the six isolation protocols recommended would be tested with surrogate compounds to validate the procedures, and Dave Brusick of Litton Bionetics and some of the other biologists in the group were talking about lists of compounds on the priority pollutant list and others to reflect compounds with and without known mutagenic activity. 

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