Muscle pain derivatives

HMG-CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS AND FlBRIC ACID DERIVATIVES. The antihyperlipidemic drugp, particularly die HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, have been associated with skeletal muscle effects leading to rhab-domyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis is a very rare condition in which muscle damage results in die release of muscle cell contents into die bloodstream. Rhabdomyolysis may precipitate renal dysfunction or acute renal failure The nurse is alert for unexplained muscle pain, muscle tenderness, or weakness, especially if tiiey are accompanied by malaise or fever. These symptoms should be reported to die primary health care provider because the drug may be discontinued. 

Crude extracts from peony root, licorice root, Atractylodes lance a rhizome, and aconite root are traditionally prescribed in medicine clinically to relieve muscle pain and to cure tremors in neuromyopathy. Different kampo preparations include crude extracts from (1) peony and licorice roots (Shakuyaku-kanzo-to), (2) peony, licorice, and aconite roots (Shaku-kan-bushi-to), (3) peony, licorice, ginger roots, cassia cortex, and jujube fruit (Keishi-to), and (4) peony, licorice, aconite, ginger root, Atractylodes lancea rhizome, cassia cortex, and jujube fruit (Keishi-ka-jutubu-to). The main bioactive compounds derived from peony root, licorice root. 

However, lovastatin and its derivatives may cause adverse effects. The most common side effect is muscle pain, and in the most severe cases, muscle damage may also develop. The monacolin K content of freely available red yeast rice products may lead to abuse (overdosage) resulting in health damage. This was the reason why all food supplements containing red yeast rice were removed from the USA market by the Food and Drag Administration in 2001. 

Substance P (SP) is an undecapeptide, belongmg to the class of tachykinins, with two consecutive Phe residues in positions 7 and 8 (Scheme 5.15). The peptide was first discovered by von Euler and Gaddum in 1931 [74], but it took another four decades before its amino acid sequence was determined by Chang and coworkers [75, 76]. SP is involved in several important physiological processes, such as contraction of the smooth muscles, pain transmission and activation of the immune system [77]. Tartar and coworkers synthesized the following three Fer-modified SP-derivatives by SPPS in which one or both Phe residues were... 

Erythropoietin derivatives are associated with an increased frequency of thrombo-vascular events in a variety of tumor types [97 ]. However, whether patients with susceptibility factors should receive prophylactic antithrombotic treatment has not been confirmed. The adverse effects of combination therapy with epoetin beta and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in 59 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes were muscle pain, raised liver enzymes without hepatic failure, fatigue, headache, dry skin, and dry mucosa [98 ]. 

Lipoxygenases catalyse the regio-specific and stereoselective oxygenation of unsaturated fatty acids. The mammalian enzymes have been detected in human platelets, lung, kidney, testes and white blood cells. The leukotrienes, derived from the enzymatic action of the enzyme on arachidonic acid, have effects on neutrophil migration and aggregation, release of lysosomal enzymes, capillary permeability, induction of pain and smooth muscle contraction (Salmon, 1986). 

Mechanism of Action Acarbamate derivative that affects the thalamus and limbic system. Appears to inhibit multineuronal spinal reflexes. Therapeutic Effect Relieves pain or muscle spasms. 

Pain involving muscles and bones is most often treated with salicylates. The name is derived from the Latin salix, meaning willow, which harks back to the Greek practice 2400 years ago of using extracts of the willow tree, Filipendula ulmaria, with coriander, Coriandrum sativum, for the treatment of pain, gout, and other conditions. Some 2000 years later, Native Americans were... 

Chlorzoxazone is a centrally acting benzoxazole derivative with a weak muscle relaxing effect (1). It is usually used in combination with paracetamol for the treatment of painful muscle spasms. The usual dose is 500 mg tds. Drowsiness, weakness, dizziness, and gastrointestinal complaints are the most frequent unwanted effects. 

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