Skeletal muscle effects

HMG-CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS AND FlBRIC ACID DERIVATIVES. The antihyperlipidemic drugp, particularly die HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, have been associated with skeletal muscle effects leading to rhab-domyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis is a very rare condition in which muscle damage results in die release of muscle cell contents into die bloodstream. Rhabdomyolysis may precipitate renal dysfunction or acute renal failure The nurse is alert for unexplained muscle pain, muscle tenderness, or weakness, especially if tiiey are accompanied by malaise or fever. These symptoms should be reported to die primary health care provider because the drug may be discontinued. 

Skeletal muscle effects All statins have been associated with myalgia, myopathy (ie, muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness with creatine phosphokinase [CPK] values above 10 times the ULN), and rhabdomyolysis. Factors that may predispose patients... 

Skeletal muscle effects The use of fibrates alone, including fenofibrate, may occasionally be associated with myopathy. Treatment with drugs of the fibrate class has been associated on rare occasions with rhabdomyolysis, usually in patients with impaired renal function. Consider myopathy in any patient with diffuse myalgias, muscle tenderness or weakness, or marked elevations of creatine phosphokinase levels. 

Skeletal muscle effects In clinical trials, there was no excess of myopathy or rhabdomyolysis associated with ezetimibe compared with the relevant control arm (placebo or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor alone). However, myopathy and rhabdomyolysis are known adverse reactions to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and other lipid-lowering drugs. 

Excess selenium intake can occur in both animals and humans living in areas with elevated selenium in the soil. Most grass and grains do not accumulate selenium, but when an animal consumes plants that do accumulate selenium (some up to 10,000 mg/kg) they can develop a condition called the blind staggers . Symptoms include depressed appetite, impaired vision, and staggering in circles and can ultimately lead to paralysis and death. Humans are susceptible to similar effects as well as additional neurological effects. Selenium deficiency results in heart disorders, skeletal muscle effects, and liver damage. 

C13. Cooper, J. M., Mann, V. M., and Schapira, A. H., Analyses of mitochondrial respiratory chain function and mitochondrial DNA deletion in human skeletal muscle Effect of ageing. J. Neurol. Sci. 113,91-98 (1992). 

Soussi, B., Idstrom, J.P., Schersten, T., Bylund-Fellenius, A.C. (1989). Kinetic parameters of cytochrome c oxidase in rat skeletal muscle effect of endurance training. Acta Physiol. Scand. 135 373-9. 

Drachman, D.B. and Johnston, D.M. 1975. Neurotrophic regulation of dynamic properties of skeletal muscle effects of botulinum toxin and denervation. J. Physiol. (Land.) 252 657-667. 

Terbutaline is a selective P2-receptor agonist, but in moderate to high doses it induces Pj cardiac effects as well as P -mediated smooth and skeletal muscle effects. The answer is (A). 

Since an improvement in the skeletal muscle effects of the agent (ie, an increase or decrease in muscle tone and reduced fasciculations) may be seen after oxime administration, medical person-... 

Reed R.K., Johansen S., and Noddeland H. 1985. Turnover rate of interstitial albumin in rat skin and skeletal muscle. Effects of limb movements and motor activity. Acta Physiol. Scand. 125 711. 

Elderly patients may also be at a higher risk for adverse reactions because of their generally decreased organ fimctions and frequent use of multiple medications. The warnings and precautions of Crestor states that the risks for skeletal muscle effects increase with the use of 40 mg dose, advanced age ( ), hypothyroidism, renal impairment, and combination use with cyclosporine. 

The measurement of effective conductivities is complicated by the traditionally used electrode geometry. Typically, one uses a four-electrode technique [ Steendijk et al., 1993], in which two electrodes inject current and two others measure the potential (Figure 21.5). Gielen et al. [1984] used this method to measure the electrical properties of skeletal muscle and found that the effective conductivity depended on the interelectrode distance. Roth [1989] reanalyzed Gielen et al. s data using the spatial frequency dependent model and found agreement with some of the more unexpected features or their data (Figure 21.6). Table 21.1 contains typical values of skeletal muscle effective conductivities and microscopic tissue parameters. Table 21.2 Hsts nerve effective conductivities. 

Wojtaszewski, J.RE, Nielson, R, Kiens, B., and Richter, RA., Regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in human skeletal muscle effects of food intake an bicycle exercise. 

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