Multiwall carbon nanotube

Recently, TsHs has been encapsulated within single-walled (SWNTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with internal diameters of 0.8-8 nm. It was shown that the best results were obtained when the internal diameters (1.4—1.5 nm for SWNTs and 1.0-3.0 nm for MWNTs) slightly exceeded the diameter of TsHs (1.2 nm). T8H8 was introduced in the gas phase and reacted with the nanotubes through van der Waals interactions. ... 

Xin and co-workers modified the alkaline EG synthesis method by heating the metal hydroxides or oxides colloidal particles in EG or EG/water mixture in the presence of carbon supports, for preparing various metal and alloy nanoclusters supported on carbon [20-24]. It was found that the ratio of water to EG in the reaction media was a key factor influencing the average size and size distribution of metal nanoparticles supported on the carbon supports. As shown in Table 2, in the preparation of multiwalled carbon nanotube-supported Pt catalysts... 

Ding, L. et al. (2005) Molecular characterization of the cytotoxic mechanism of multiwall carbon nanotubes and nano-onions on human skin fibroblast. Nano Letters, 5 (12), 2448-64. 

Shen, M.W. et al. (2009) Polyethyleneimine-mediated functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes synthesis, characterization, and in vitro toxicity assay. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 113 (8), 3150-3156. 

Elgrabli, D. et al. (2008) Induction of apoptosis and absence of inflammation in rat lung after intratracheal instillation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Toxicology, 253 (1-3), 131-136. 

Wang, X. et al. (2010) Quantitative techniques for assessing and controlling the dispersion and biological effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in mammalian tissue culture cells. ACS Nano, 4 (12), 7241-7252. 

Muller, J. et al. (2008) Structural defects play a major role in the acute lung toxicity of multiwall carbon nanotubes toxicological aspects. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 21 (9), 1698-1705. 

Li, J.G. et al. (2007) Comparative study of pathological lesions induced by multiwalled carbon nanotubes in lungs ofmice by intratracheal instillation andinhalation. Environmental Toxicology, 22 (4), 415-421. 

Ma-Hock, L. et al. (2009) Inhalation toxicity of multiwall carbon nanotubes in rats exposed for 3 months. Toxicological Sciences, 112 (2), 468-481. 

Mitchell, L.A. et al. (2007) Pulmonary and systemic immune response to inhaled multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Toxicological Sciences, 100 (1), 203—214. 

Ryman-Rasmussen, J.P. et al. (2009) Inhaled multiwalled carbon nanotubes potentiate airway fibrosis in murine allergic asthma. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology,... 

Lacerda, L. et al. (2008) Tissue histology and physiology following intravenous administration of different types of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Nanomedicine, 3 (2), 149—161. 

Endosomal leakage and nuclear translocation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes developing a model for celluptake. Nano Letters, 9 (12), 4370-4375. 

Burke, A. et al. (2009) Long-term survival following a single treatment of kidney tumors with multiwalled carbon nanotubes and near-infrared radiation. Proceedings of the National Academy... 

Another interesting type of novel carbons applicable for supercapacitors, consists of a carbon/carbon composite using nanotubes as a perfect backbone for carbonized polyacrylonitrile. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), due to their entanglement form an interconnected network of open mesopores, which makes them optimal for assuring good mechanical properties of the electrodes while allowing an easy diffusion of ions. 

Frackowiak E., Metenier K., Bertagna V., Beguin F. Supercapacitor electrodes from multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Appl Phys Lett 2000 77 2421-3. 

Delpeux S., Szostak K., Frackowiak E., Bonnamy S., Beguin F. High yield of pure multiwalled carbon nanotubes from the catalytic decomposition of acetylene on in-situ formed cobalt nanoparticles. J. Nanosc. Nanotech. 2002 2 481-4. 

Synthesis of multiwall carbon nanotubes by using mesoporous aluminosilicates... 

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) of ethylene on several mesoporous aluminosilicates impregnated with iron. The aluminosilicates were synthesized by sol-gel method optimizing the Si/Al ratios from 6 to 80. The catalysts are characterized by nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, 27A1 NMR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and infrared. The MWCNTs are characterized by TGA and transmission and scanning electron microscope. 

Yu, M.-F. et al. (2000) Strength and breaking mechanism of multiwalled carbon nanotubes under tensile load. Science 287, 637-640. 

In view of the conductive and electrocatalytic features of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), AChE and choline oxidases (COx) have been covalently coimmobilized on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) for the preparation of an organophosphorus pesticide (OP) biosensor [40, 41], Another OP biosensor has also been constructed by adsorption of AChE on MWNTs modified thick film [8], More recently AChE has been covalently linked with MWNTs doped glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan composite film [11], in which biopolymer chitosan provides biocompatible nature to the enzyme and MWNTs improve the conductive nature of chitosan. Even though these enzyme immobilization techniques have been reported in the last three decades, no method can be commonly used for all the enzymes by retaining their complete activity. 

V.B. Kandimalla and H.X. Ju, Binding of acetylcholinesterase to multiwall carbon nanotube-cross-linked chitosan composite for flow-injection amperometric detection of an organophosphorous insecticide. Chem. Eur. J. 12, 1074—1080 (2006). 

A. Salimi, A. Noorbakhsh, and M. Ghadermarz, Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalytic activity of catalase incorporated onto multiwall carbon nanotubes-modified glassy carbon electrode. Anal. Biochem. 344,16-24 (2005). 

J.H.T. Luong, S. Hrapovic, D. Wang, F. Bensebaa, and B. Simard, Solubilization of multiwall carbon nanotubes by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane towards the fabrication of electrochemical biosensors with promoted electron transfer. Electroanalysis 16, 132-139 (2004). 

B. Kim and W.M. Sigmund, Functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube/gold nanoparticle composites. Langmuir 20, 8239-8242 (2004). 

H. Kong, R Luo, C. Gao, and D. Yan, Polyelectrolyte-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes preparation, characterization and layer-by-layer self-assembly. Polymer 46, 2472—2485 (2005). 

V.B. Kandimalla, V.S. Tripathi, and H.X. Ju, A conductive ormosil encapsulated with ferrocene conjugate and multiwall carbon nanotubes for biosensing application. Biomaterials 27,1167-1174 (2006). 

X.C. Tan, MJ. Li, RX. Cai, LJ. Luo, and X.Y. Zou, An amperometric cholesterol biosensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes and organically modified sol-gel/chitosan hybrid composite film. Anal. Biochem. 337, 111-120 (2005). 

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