Carbon applications

Le Cloirec, P., Brasquet, C. and Subrenat, E., Adsorption onto fibrous aetivated carbon Applications to water treatment. Energy Fuels, 1997, 11(2), 331 336. 

Goglia, P. R., Berkowitz, J., Hoehn, J., Xidis, A., and Stover, L., Diamond-Like Carbon Applications in High Density Hard Disc Recording Heads," Diamond Rel. Mat., Vol. 10, 2001, pp. 271-277. 

Another interesting type of novel carbons applicable for supercapacitors, consists of a carbon/carbon composite using nanotubes as a perfect backbone for carbonized polyacrylonitrile. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), due to their entanglement form an interconnected network of open mesopores, which makes them optimal for assuring good mechanical properties of the electrodes while allowing an easy diffusion of ions. 

Groundwater remediation, activated carbon application, 4 753. See also Groundwater bioremediation Groundwater treatment Groundwater samples, retrieving, 22 844-845, 846... 

Industrial wastewater, oxygen demand and organic carbon in, 25 887t Industrial wastewater flow, 25 885 Industrial wastewater pollution control, ozone use in, 17 808-809 Industrial wastewater treatment. See also Industrial water treatment activated carbon application, 4 752-753 and bioremediation, 3 755 Industrial water treatment, 26 125-150 biofouling in, 26 146-149... 

Municipal water treatment(s), 26 123-125 activated carbon application, 4 752-753 bioremediation and, 3 755 goal of filtration in, 26 105 reverse osmosis in, 27 647-648... 

Paper laminates, TiCh pigments in, 25 28 Papermaking, 11 179, 287-288. See also Paper manufacture additives in, 15 98 amino resin applications, 2 644-648 asbestos applications, 3 311 calcium carbonate applications, 4 554-555... 

Soda-anthraquinone (AQ) process, 21 22 Soda ash. See also Sodium carbonate applications of, 22 795t grades and specifications for, 22 793, 794t in preventing sodium combustion, 22 776 storage of, 22 794... 

Water treatment, 26 102-152. See also Aeration water treatment, Industrial water treatment ABS manufacture, 7 421-422 activated carbon application, 4 752 aerators, 26 158-170 alkanolamines from nitro alcohols, 2 120 coagulation and flocculation in,... 

Primary treatment (solid settling and removal) is required, secondary treatment (use of bacteria and aeration to enhance organic degradation) is becoming more routine, and tertiary treatment (filtration through activated carbon, applications of ozone, and chlorination) has been, or is being, implemented by all refineries. 

An ambitious review of carbon applications in chemical power sources (see also Section 5.3.5) was offered by Fialkov [94], It is disconcerting, however, that the author discusses the influence exerted by... surface properties without citing even one of the well-known—or well-cited or more recent—studies on carbon surface chemistry. And yet, in conjunction with the use of carbon in air (oxygen) electrodes, he speculates that the oxygen electroreduction kinetics depend on... the degree to which side faces of carbon crystallites are developed because base groups are formed there and presumably interact (e.g., with HjOj) in the following manner ... 

In any practical consideration of carbon application or intended removal (regeneration) the oxidation reactivity is of importance. Figure 17 summarizes results of initial oxidation experiments. Different carbon materials which exhibit all the sp2 connectivity of carbon atoms exhibit a wide range of oxidation temperatures. The values of these temperatures depend on the definition of reactivity which can be either the first uptake of oxygen, the 50% line of oxygen consumption or even the 50% line of weight loss. Care has to be taken to compare literature values [81, 96, 104] as all these definitions are in use and the differences in temperatures are quite drastic. 

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