MTBE/TAME

Similar to MTBE, TAME is used as gasoline additive for its high octane rating and its ability to reduce carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon exhaust emissions. Properties of oxygenates used as gasoline additives are shown in Table 5-2. °... 

CDETHEROL A process for making ethers (MTBE, TAME, ETBE) from alcohols. Combines the Etherol process with catalytic distillation. 

Since the mid-fifties sulfonated resins based on styrene/divinylbenzene copolymers, initially developed as ion exchangers mainly for water treatment, nave also been used as strongly acidic solid catalysts. Witn few exceptions, industrial application in continuous processes is limited to the manufacture of bulk chemicals, sucn as Disphenol A, (meth)acrylates, metnyl ethers of branched olefins (MTBE, TAME) and secondary alcohols (IPA, SBA). 

C DTEC H/Sn am progetti SpA Mixed ethers Mixed C4-C7 hydrocarbons MTBE, TAME and heavier ether production from hydrocarbon feeds containing C4, C5, C6 and C7 iso-olefins 3 2000... 

ARCO Chemical Co. MTBE/TAME Mixed C4 and C5 streams Produces a mixed MTBE/TAME product using methanol from C4 and C5 streams 4 1994... 

Baker R. J., Best E. W., and Baehr A. L. (2002) Used motor oil as a source of MTBE, TAME, and BTEX to ground water. Ground Water Monitor. Remediat. 22(4), 46-51. 

Methylibium petroleiphilum PMl Compost biofilter [28] MTBE, TAME, ETBE, DIPE, TAA, TBA, Benzene, Toluene, Xylene [22,29-31]... 

Mycobacterium austroafricanum IFP 2012 Activated sludge from urban wastewater treament plant MTBE, TAME, TAA, (ETBE) [21,33-35]... 

Ideonella sp. LI08 MTBE-contaminated aquifer Leima, Germany MTBE, (TAME), ETBE [25,39]... 

MTBE degrading culture MTBE-degrading enrichment in biofilter MTBE, TAME [28]... 

Enriched mixed culture Gasoline-contaminated soil ETBE, MTBE, TAME [51,52]... 

Kerfoot et al. [71,72] developed a new ozone sparging device which injects gaseous ozone in microbubbles resulting in a very efficient MTBE, TAME and tBA removal. MTBE and tBA were observed to degrade in similar reaction rates, whereas TAME reacts faster. Other intermediates such as fBF were found to be further oxidized at a slower rate. The authors claim to operate this system with lower costs than other on-site applications. 

Although sulfonated macroreticular styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers, e. g. Amberlyst , Dowex or Lewatit , are widely used in acid-catalyzed continuous liquid-phase reactions (e. g. MTBE, TAME, bisphenol A synthesis), only a fraction of the active sites participates in the reaction and above 130 °C, these materials lose sulfonic acid groups. The mechanical stability of the matrix is, moreover, often insufficient [4]. 

The application of the method for the synthesis of MTBE, TAME and other octane improvers for gasoline is proposed. An application of the method to branch alkenes synthesised by a selective Fischer-Tropsch catalyst is demonstrated. 

In order to formulate an expression x) in (5.57), the rate determining step of the reaction mechanism has to be identified. For many heterogeneously catalyzed liquid-phase reactions the rate limiting step is found to be the reaction of sorbed molecules. For example, in the synthesis of the fuel ethers MTBE, TAME, and ETBE at acid ion-exchange catalyst the rate limiting step can be expressed as follows... 

Most important industrial applications of RD are in the field of esterification processes such as the famous Eastman Chemical Co. s process for the synthesis of methyl acetate [1]. This process combines reactive and non-reactive sections in a single hybrid RD column and thereby replaces a complex conventional flowsheet with 11 process units. With this RD technology investment and energy costs were reduced by factor five [2]. Another success story of RD was started in the 1980s by using this technology for the preparation of the ethers MTBE, TAME, and ETBE, which are produced in large amounts as fuel components because of their excellent antiknock properties [3]. 

Sundmacher and Qi (Chapter 5) discuss the role of chemical reaction kinetics on steady-state process behavior. First, they illustrate the importance of reaction kinetics for RD design considering ideal binary reactive mixtures. Then the feasible products of kinetically controlled catalytic distillation processes are analyzed based on residue curve maps. Ideal ternary as well as non-ideal systems are investigated including recent results on reaction systems that exhibit liquid-phase splitting. Recent results on the role of interfadal mass-transfer resistances on the attainable top and bottom products of RD processes are discussed. The third section of this contribution is dedicated to the determination and analysis of chemical reaction rates obtained with heterogeneous catalysts used in RD processes. The use of activity-based rate expressions is recommended for adequate and consistent description of reaction microkinetics. Since particles on the millimeter scale are used as catalysts, internal mass-transport resistances can play an important role in catalytic distillation processes. This is illustrated using the syntheses of the fuel ethers MTBE, TAME, and ETBE as important industrial examples. 

HFA 134a LTBE MTBE TAME 1,1,1,2-T et rafluoroethane Ethyl t-butyl ether Methyl t-butyl ether t-Amyl methyl ether CF3CH2F CH3CH,0C(CH3) CH3O C(CH3)3 H3C—C-0CH3... 

MTBE/TAME (methyl tertiary amyl ether) as oxygenate and for octane enhancement... 

Alky Produced from C3= and nC4= Ether= MTBE + TAME... 

Miller, D. J. and Piel, W. J., (1989), "Ether Options MTBE, TAME and ETBE", NPRA Annual Meeting, AM89-58, San Antonio. 

Table 3 Overview of Methanol Applications Direct derivatives or uses Fuel or fuel additives Neat methanol fuel Mefhanol blended with soline MTBE TAME...

Automotive fuels containing legal levels (5%-15%) of alcohols and ethers (methanol, ethanol, MTBE, TAME) Automotive/methanol fuels blends up to 100% methanol (flex fuels) Engine lubricating oils (SE-SF grades)... 

Sample Base Qas MTBE TAME ETBE Ethanol Medianol t-Butanol DIPE... 

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