Heligmosomoides polygyrus

A number of attempts have been made to select on nematode immune-related traits. Lines of Heligmosomoides polygyrus have been selected in hosts with different histories of previous exposure (naive, once previously exposed, or multiply previously exposed). This resulted in parasite lines that differed in fitness when tested in semi-immune animals, with the lines selected in the hosts with greatest previous exposure surviving best and... 

Su, Z. and Dobson, C. (1996) Genetic and immunological adaptation of Heligmosomoides polygyrus in mice. International Journal for Parasitology 27, 653-663. 

Simple passive immunization with Tyv-specific antibodies does not protect adult rats against T. spiralis, however, it has been shown that prior infection with an unrelated intestinal nematode (Heligmosomoides polygyrus) in combination with passive immunization with Tyv-specific antibodies promotes expulsion of T. spiralis larvae (Bell et al, 1992). The way(s) that II. polygyrus infection synergizes with antibodies is not known. 

Arnold, K., Brydon, L.J., Chappell, L.H. and Gooday, G.W. (1993) Chitinolytic activities in Heligmosomoides polygyrus and their role in egg hatching. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 58, 317—323. 

Urban, J.F., Katona, I.M. and Finkelman, F.D. (1991a) Heligmosomoides polygyrus CD4+ cells but not CD8+ T cells regulate the IgE response and protective immunity in mice. Experimental Parasitology 73, 500-511. 

Wahid, F.N., Behnke, J.M., Grencis, R.K., Else, K.J. and Ben-Smith, A.W. (1994) Immunological relationships during primary infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus Th2 cytokines and primary response phenotype. Parasitology 108, 461-471. 

Keymer, A.E. and Tarlton, A.B. (1991) The population dynamics of acquired immunity to Heligmosomoides polygyrus in the laboratory mouse strain, diet and exposure. Parasitology 103 Pt 1, 121-126. 

Finney CA, Taylor MD, Wilson MS, Maizels RM Expansion and activation of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection. Eur J Immunol 2007 37 1874-1886. 

Blum A, Urban JF Jr, Weinstock JV Heligmosomoides polygyrus inhibits estabhshed coUtis in IL-lO-deficient mice. Eur J Immunol 2004 34 2690-2698. 

H. diminuta, Heligmosomoides polygyrus and in the free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus (8). Ketone reductase activity, on the other hand, appears absent from these organisms. 

Setiawan T, Metwali A, Blum AM et al. Heligmosomoides polygyrus promotes regulatory T-cell cytokine production in normal distal murine intestine. Infect Immun 2007 75(9) 4655-4663. 

Ince MN, Elliott DE, Setiawan T et al. Heligmosomoides polygyrus induces TLR4 on murine mucosal T-cells that produce TGFbeta after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Journal of Immunology 2006 ... 

Elliott DE, Setiawan T, Metwali A et al. Heligmosomoides polygyrus inhibits established colitis in IL-lO-deficient mice. European Journal of Immunology 2004 34(10) 2690-2698. 

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