Mouse nude mice

Using the nude mouse model, inhibition of uPA by antibodies also inhibited local invasion by HEp3 cells (02). However, in contrast to the avian model, this inhibition of local invasion did not lead to a reduced incidence of distant metastasis (02). 

Ossowski, L., Russo-Payne, H., and Wilson, E. L., Inhibition of urokinase-type plasminogen activator by antibodies The effect on dissemination of a human tumor in the nude mouse model. Cancer Res. 51, 274-281 (1991). 

In vitro and animal studies of the eifects of phytoestrogens on established tumors have raised some concerns that may be relevant to women at high risk of breast cancer. Although some studies have shown inhibitory eifects of phytoestrogens (e.g., Hawrylewicz et al., 1995), others have reported increased carcinogenesis in rodents (e.g., Ju et al., 2001). Of particular concern is a recent report that dietary genistein negates the inhibitory effect of tamoxifen in the athymic nude mouse model (Ju et al., 2002). 

M. R. Shetlar, C. L. Shetlar, C. W. Kischer, and J. Pindur, Implants of keloid and hypertrophic scars into the athymic nude mouse Changes in the glycosaminoglycans of the implants. Connect. Tissue Res., 26... 

Fig. 5.5. SERS image of mouse liver, a Whole-body map (1-mm steps) of nude mouse 2 h after tail vein injection of SERS nanoparticles. Most SERS particles accumulate in the liver (L, arrow), b Higher resolution (750 pm steps) and higher definition map of liver (arrow) showing organ detail including differentiation of the two liver lobes (reprinted with permission from [33]. Copyright 2008 National Academy of Sciences, USA)...

Burnette, R.R., and D. Marrero. 1986. Comparison between the iontophoretic and passive. Transport of thyrotropin releasing hormone across excised nude mouse skin. J Pharm Sci 75... 

Jadoul and Preat [56] have also proposed a similar explanation for the lack of synergistic effects on transdermal delivery of domperidone with combined electroporation (1 pulse of 1000 V with a time constant of 4 ms) and iontophoresis (0.4 mA/cm2) despite the fact that iontophoresis was switched on within a few seconds after electroporation. Combined pulsing and iontophoresis also did not improve penetration of sodium nonivamide acetate through nude mouse skin [51], Therefore, when combing the two protocols, it should be more efficient to use a system that delivers current during or immediately after pulsing without delay. 

Pimm, M. V., Durrant, L. G., and Baldwin, R. W. Influence of circulating antigen on the biodistribution and tumor localization of radiolabelled monoclonal antibody in a human tumor Nude mouse xenograft model. Eur. J. Cancer. Clin. Oncol. 25 1325-1332, 1989. 

A second animal model uses H-ros transgenic mice (Oncomouse ) which spontaneously develop mammary and salivary tumors.97 This model is considered to be more relevant to human cancer in that tumor initiation and growth is endogenous, in contrast to nude mouse tumor explants. Mice with palpable tumors between 50 and 350 mm3 were treated with either the ester prodrug 18c (40 mg/kg, once daily, s.c.) or vehicle, and the size of the tumors monitored over time.44 While... 

This immunodeficient nude mouse was originally thought to be a BALB/c congenic. It was later determined that it was not inbred and is maintained as an outbred. It is expected that other strains of Nu/Nu mice could be used for this model (12). 

Kubota T. (1994) Metastatic models of human cancer xenografted in the nude mouse the importance of orthotopic transplantation. J Cell Biochem 56, 4-8. 

Kelland LR. Of mice and men values and liabilities of the athymic nude mouse model in anticancer drug development. Eur J Cancer 2004 40 827-36. 

No rodent bioassay Tumor promotion potential was evaluated by first identifying human tumor cell lines that bind natalizumab in vitro Tumor promotion potential was then evaluated by assessing tumor growth in athymic nude mice after tumor transplantation (sc) followed by treatment with natializumab. Natalizumab did not show any tumor promoting potential on two oc4 expression tumors (leukemia, melanoma) in a nude mouse xenograft model Not genotoxic (Ames, in vitro chromosomal aberrations in human PBLs)... 

Lactam-based analogs of epothilones were conceived by the BMS group as metabolically more stable alternatives to the lactone-based natural products (which exhibit limited metabolic stability in rodent plasma). It is worth noting, however, that despite its short plasma half-life in rodent species, Epo B shows potent antitumor activity in a variety of nude mouse human tumor models,and the same is tme for Epo D (vide infra). In addition, Epo D has subsequently been demonstrated to... 

Sun, J., Qian, Y., Hamilton, A.D., and Sebti, S.M. (1998). Both farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase 1 inhibitors are required for inhibition of oncogenic K-Ras prenylation but each alone is sufficient to suppress human tumor growth in nude mouse xenografts. Oncogene 16 1467-1473. 

Burnette, R. R. and Bagniefski, T. M. Influence of constant current iontophoresis on impedance and passive permeability of excised nude mouse skin. J. Pharm. Sci. 77 492, 1988. 

Ackermann, C., Flynn, G. L. and Smith, W. M. (1987). Ether-water partitioning and permeability through nude mouse skin in vitro. II. Hydrocortisone 21-n-alkyl esters, alkanols and hydrophilic compounds. Int. J. Pharm. 36 61-1. ... 

Excised epidermis Solutes used in excised epidermal studies are also predominantly low-MW polar solutes, as shown in Table 3. However, in a number of studies, the iontophoretic transport of uncharged solutes has also been demonstrated. The phenomenon of electro-osmotic flow will be discussed further in Section II.C. Excised skin used in transdermal studies includes hairless mouse, nude rat, shed snake skin, and human epidermis. The human epidermis is used in one of two forms, dermatomed [28,29] or heat separated [30]. 

An, Z. L., Wang, X. E Kubota, T., Moossa, A. R. and Hoffman, R. M. (1996). A clinical nude mouse metastatic model for highly malignant human pancreatic cancer. Anticancer Res. 16, 627-631. 

Brunner, N., Boysen, B., Romer, J. and Srang-Thomsen, M. (1993). The nude mouse as an in vivo model for human breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 24, 257-264. 

Giavazzi, R., Jessup J. M., Campbell D. E., Walker S. M. and Fidler I. J. (1986). Experimental nude mouse model of human colorectal cancer liver metastases. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 77, 1303-1308. 

Fig. 6 Minoxidil permeation from ethosome systems and appropriate control vehicles. Data are expressed as the cumulative permeation across male nude mouse skin in vitro over 24 h. (Figure plotted from data given in Ref l)...

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