Combinable pulses

More than 40 species of grain legumes belonging to the Leguminosae family are grown throughout the world and unlike other crops do not need nitrogen fertiliser 

The EU imports about two-thirds of its vegetable protein requirement and the area sown to pulse crops is less than 4% of the arable area. 

Protein crops - peas, field beans, lupins. 

Other grain legumes - chickpeas, lentils, vetches. 

In the 1990s the EU became the world s major producer of dry peas with Spain and France providing 75% of total production. China is the major producer of field beans but Australia and the UK, the major EU producer, are the main exporters. Australia is the major producer and exporter of lupins whilst India is the major producer of pulses, mainly diy beans, chickpeas and lentils but has to import from countries such as Australia, Canada and Turkey to try and meet demand. In the EU Spain is the main producer of other grain legumes. 

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Jadoul and Preat [56] have also proposed a similar explanation for the lack of synergistic effects on transdermal delivery of domperidone with combined electroporation (1 pulse of 1000 V with a time constant of 4 ms) and iontophoresis (0.4 mA/cm2) despite the fact that iontophoresis was switched on within a few seconds after electroporation. Combined pulsing and iontophoresis also did not improve penetration of sodium nonivamide acetate through nude mouse skin [51], Therefore, when combing the two protocols, it should be more efficient to use a system that delivers current during or immediately after pulsing without delay. 

Shirdhonkar M, Maity DK, Mohan H, Rao BSM. (2006) Oxidation of methionine methyl ester in aqueous solution A combined pulse radiolysis and quantum chemical study. Chem Phys Lett API 116-123. 

It is not neutralizing, however, as we shall see further on. Provided that this is classic flashlamp treatment and not a device combining pulsed light and radiofrequency, for example. These machines significantly change skin permeability and can cause the acids to penetrate too far, with the risk of scarring. 

Figure 22 Schematic description of a structure determination of a denatured protein by combining pulse labelling with NOE. In the denatured state U, hyperpolarization (CIDNP) is generated in a tryptophan residue by the reaction with a sensitizer PS, transferred to nearby amino acids by cross-relaxation (NOE), and then transferred to the native protein N by fast refolding, where it is observed. Further explanation, see text. Reproduced from Ref. 232 with permission copyright...

If any of the poles of G (z) lie outside the unit circle, the process is unstable. Similarly, for the combination hold-process we examine the location of poles of the combined pulse transfer function... 

Propagation rate coefficients for styrene, vinyl acetate, and various acrylates and methacrylates were determined by the so-called PLP-SEC technique, which combines pulsed-laser-initiated polymerization (PLP) with subsequent polymer analysis via size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The PLP-SEC experiment measures the product of propagation rate coefficient, kp, and monomer concentration, Cm ... 

Free-radical polymerization in aqueous solution is of significant industrial importance. To model polymerization processes and product properties, reliable rate coefficients for the individual reaction steps are required. The propagation rate coefficient, kp, may be precisely obtained by the PLP-SEC method, which combines pulsed-laser initiated polymerization with subsequent... 

Probably the best method when it can be applied is that which combines pulsed photolysis with discharge-flow techniques. The latter method is used to generate the radicals which are to be in excess and to find their absolute concentration. A precursor to the second radical (which must resist attack by the first radical) is then added to the flowing gas and a conventional pulsed photolysis experiment is performed. Experiments of this type have been used to examine the reactions of OH, CN and CH with excess H, D, N or O atoms [25-30]. The rate constants for the 0 + OH reaction obtained by this method in the temperature range 250-515 K are compared in Fig. 2 with the results of calculations by Clary [31]. 

Considering equilibrium (14), the reaction of interest is that of thiyl with thio-late. Rate constants for this process have been determined in some elegant work by Mezyk [12, 27, 38]. In combined pulse radiolysis/photolysis experiments he photodissociated the (RS SR)" radical anion and subsequently followed the recovery kinetics of the (RS SR)" bleaching signal. Some measured rate constants for the respective RS + RS" reactions are 4.8 x lO M s (cysteine). 

Infrared Laser Desorption. Following the initial report by Kistemaker et al., Heresch et al. and Cotter combined pulsed IR laser desorption with sector instruments, while Vestal" and Stoll and Rollgen utilized quadrupole mass spectrometers to carry out laser desorption experiments. Further work by Kistemaker and co-workers established a thermal mechanism for laser desorption in which cat-ionized species were produced by gas-phase attachment of alakali ions to codesorbed neutral species. Cationized species were also observed at much shorter wavelengths (256 nm) by Heinen, while M-i-Ag+ ions were reported by Cooks et ah for solid samples deposited onto silver foils with ammonium chloride. The first laser desorption time-of-flight results were reported by Hercules and co-workers using a laser microprobe instrument to observe alkaU- and haUde-ion attachment in positive- and negative-ion mass spectra, respectively, and by VanBreemen et al." ... 

Cuvelier A, Grigoriu B, Molano LC, et al. Limitations of transcutaneous carbon dioxide measurements for assessing long-term mechanical ventilation. Chest 2005 127 1744-1748. Heuss LT, Chhajed PN, Schnieper P, et al. Combined pulse oximetry/cutaneous carbon dioxide tension monitoring during colonoscopies pilot study with a smart ear clip. Digestion 2004 ... 

Combined pulse rad. and phot, of formate + N2O + micellar solutions 76 Fra 1... 

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