Urokinase type plasminogen activator

In a different approach, a TNF fusion protein designated TNF-Selectokine has been described [5]. This TNF prodrug is comprised of a trimeric scFv-TNF fusion protein to which a TNFR fragment has been fused at the C-terminal. A flexible peptide linker between TNF and the blocking receptor domain is comprised of sequences specifically recognized by tumor associated proteases such as tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase type plasminogen activator or... 

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA, urokinase) is synthesized by endothelial and tumor cells as a single-chain glycoprotein (scuPA) without catalytic activity. When it is converted to a two-chain protein (tcuPA) by plasmin, an active serine protease center develops, which activates plasminogen. Thus, uPA (55 kDa) results in the amplification of fibrinolysis. 

UC Ulcerative colitis UDP Uridine diphosphate UPA Urokinase-type plasminogen activator... 

Reboud-Ravaux, M. Vilain, A. C. Boggetto, N. Maillard, J.-L. Favreau, C. Xie, J. Mazaleyrat, J.-P. Wakselman, M. A cyclopeptidic suicide substrate preferentially inactivates urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1991, 178, 352-359. 

Fazioli F., Blasi F. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor New target for anti-metastatic therapy Trends Pharmacol Sci 1994 15,25-9. 

The hypothesis that stress can modulate MMP expression is also supported by studies in mice. Using social isolation as a stressor, the mRNA levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, matrix-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MT1-MMP), and urokinase-type plasminogen activator were higher in the tumor and liver tissues of the isolated mice than in control mice.91 Furthermore, a recent study has shown that restraint stress causes an increase in expression of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, another key player in the plas-minogen/plasmin enzyme system in mice.92 As these enzymes have been described to have functions besides their role in ECM remodeling,93 studies on stress-related effects on MMP/TIMP balance have implications in the relationship between stress and cancer initiation and progression.. 

D10. Dumler, I. T., Petri, T., and Schleuning, W. D., Interaction of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) with its cellular receptor (uPAR) induces phosphorylation on tyrosine of a 38 kDa protein. FEBS Lett. 322, 37-40 (1993). 

F6. Foekens, J. S., Schmitt, M., van Putten, W., Peters, H. A., Bontenbal, M., Janicke, F., and Klijn, J., Prognostic value of urokinase-type plasminogen activator in 671 primary breast cancer patients. Cancer Res. 52, 6101-6105 (1992). 

G5. Grondahl-Hansen, J., Christensen, 1., Rosenquist, C., Brunner, N., Mouridsen, H. T., Dano, K., and Blichert-Toft, M., High levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its inhibitor PA1-I in cytosolic extracts of breast carcinomas are associated with poor prognosis. Cancer Res. 53, 2513-2521 (1993). 

Jl. Janicke, F., Schmitt, M., Hafter, R., Holrieder, A., Babic, R., Ulm, K., Gossner, W., and Graeff, H., Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) antigen is a predictor of early relapse in breast cancer. Fibrinolysis 4, 69-78 (1990). 

Ossowski, L., Russo-Payne, H., and Wilson, E. L., Inhibition of urokinase-type plasminogen activator by antibodies The effect on dissemination of a human tumor in the nude mouse model. Cancer Res. 51, 274-281 (1991). 

P5. Pyke, C., Kristensen, P., Ralfkiaer, E., Grondahl-Hansen, J., Eriksen, K., Blasi, F., and Dano, K., Urokinase-type plasminogen activator is expressed in stromal cells and its receptor in cancer cells at invasive foci in human colon adenocarcinomas. Am. J. Pathol. 138, 1059— 1067 (1991). 

R2. Reith, A., and Rucklidge, G., Invasion of brain tissue by primary glioma Evidence for involvement of urokinase-type plasminogen activator as an activator of type IV collagenase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 186, 348-354 (1992). 

Skriver, L., Larsson, L., Kielberg, V., Nielsen, L. S., Andresen, P. B., Kristensen, P., and Dano, K., Immunocytochemical localisation of urokinase type plasminogen activator in Lewis lung carcinoma. J. Cell. Biol. 99, 753-758 (1984). 

Seller C, Montuori N, Ricci P et al. Involvement of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. Blood. 2005 105 2198-2205. 

SR023 Ishii, K., S. Usui, Y. Sugimura, H. Yamamoto, K. Yoshikawa, and K. Hiran. Extract from Serenoa repens suppresses the invasion activity of human urological cancer cells by inhibiting urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Biol Pharm Bull 2001 24(2) 188-190. 

Kofoed, K., et al. (2007) Use of plasma C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, neutrophils, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in combination to diagnose infections a prospective study. Crit Care. 11, R38. 

QIKVVVNAFSSS-OH (C28W) antagonists of urokinase-type plasminogen activator NMP [130,131]... 

Takayama TK, McMullen BA, Nelson PS, Matsumura M, Fujikawa K. Characterization of hK4 (Prostase), a prostate-specific serine protease Activation of the precursor of prostate specific antigen (pro-PSA) and single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator and degradation of prostatic acid phosphatase. Biochemistry 2001 40 15341-15348. 

Sappino AP, Busso N, Belin D, Vassalli JD. Increase of urokinase-type plasminogen activator gene expression in human lung and breast carcinomas. Cancer Res 1987 47 4043 4046. 

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