Water ether

Study of the solubility behaviour of the compound. A semi-quantitative study of the solubility of the substance in a hmited number of solvents (water, ether, dilute sodium hydroxide solution, dilute hydrochloric acid, sodium bicarbonate solution, concentrated sulphuric and phosphoric acid) will, if intelligently apphed, provide valuable information as to the presence or absence of certain classes of organic compounds. 

Much time will be saved if each of the solvents (Water, Ether, 5 per cent. Sodium Hydroxide, 5 per cent. Sodium Bicarbonate and 5 per cent. Hydrochloric Acid) be contained in a 30 or 60 ml. bottle fitted with a cork carrying a calibrated dropper. The concentrated sulphimic acid should be kept in a glass-stoppered bottle and withdrawn with a dropper or pipette as required. 

Both the carboxyl and the mercapto moieties of thioglycolic acid are acidic. Dissociation constants at 25°C are for pR, 3.6 pi, 10.5. ThioglycoHc acid is miscible ia water, ether, chloroform, dichloroethane and esters. It is weakly soluble ia aHphatic hydrocarbons such as heptane, hexane. Solvents such as alcohols and ketones can also react with thioglycolic acid. 

See HeAT-EXCHANGE TECHNOLOGY, HeAT-TRANSFER MEDIA OTHER TTTAN water ETHERS. 

Dinonyi phthaiate (mainly 3,5,5-trimethyihexyi phthaiate isomer) [28553-12-0 14103-61-8] M 418.6, m 26-29 , b 170 /2mm, d 0.9640, n 1.4825. Washed with aqueous Na2C03, then shaken with water. Ether was added to break the emulsion, and the soln was washed twice with water, and dried (CaCl2). After evaporating the ether, the residual liquid was distd three times under reduced pressure. It was stored in a vacuum desiccator over P2O5... 

The choice of the anion ultimately intended to be an element of the ionic liquid is of particular importance. Perhaps more than any other single factor, it appears that the anion of the ionic liquid exercises a significant degree of control over the molecular solvents (water, ether, etc.) with which the IL will form two-phase systems. Nitrate salts, for example, are typically water-miscible while those of hexaflu-orophosphate are not those of tetrafluoroborate may or may not be, depending on the nature of the cation. Certain anions such as hexafluorophosphate are subject to hydrolysis at higher temperatures, while those such as bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide are not, but are extremely expensive. Additionally, the cation of the salt used to perform any anion metathesis is important. While salts of potassium, sodium, and silver are routinely used for this purpose, the use of ammonium salts in acetone is frequently the most convenient and least expensive approach. 

PEO is found to be an ideal solvent for alkali-metal, alkaline-earth metal, transition-metal, lanthanide, and rare-earth metal cations. Its solvating properties parallel those of water, since water and ethers have very similar donicites and polarizabilities. Unlike water, ethers are unable to solvate the anion, which consequently plays an important role in polyether polymer-electrolyte formation. 

This section is completed with a brief review of the synthesis and properties of this epimer (20) of the precursor of thiazole in bacteria. This pentulose is conveniently accessible by an unconventional route (Scheme 19). Methyl 2,3 4,6-di-O-isopropylidene-a-D-mannopyranoside, readily available from methyl ot-D-mannopyranoside, is converted to the ketonic glycoside by butyllithium in 91% yield, following a method first published by Klemer and Rodemeyer43 and scaled up by Horton and Weckerle.44 This was converted by means of lithium hydroxide in a water-ether mixture into 3,5-0-benzylidene-l-deoxy-D-eryf/iro-2-pen-tulose in 55% yield. Hydrolysis to the free pentulose (20) proceeded in 73% yield in aqueous acetic acid. This product was obtained as a syrup with a characteristic absorption band at 1705 cm 1 as a film. Thus, there is a fair proportion of the open-chain ketone under these conditions, as with the D-threo epimer.45... 

Soluble in water, ether and alcohol Bactericidal agent Reducing agent Keratolytic properties... 

Distribution Ratios. Air-water, ether-water and DCM-water distribution ratios were measured as described previously (34) using GC-TEA. 

Phenols are easily mononitrated by sodium nitrate in a two-phase system (water-ether) in the presence of HC1 and a catalytic amount of La(N03)3.13 Various lanthanide nitrates have been used in the nitration of 3-substituted phenols to give regioselectively the 3-substituted 5-nitrophenols.14... 

Radical cyclization of cx,a)-dinitroalkanes is reported, as shown in Eq. 5.45. Oxidation of the dinitronate derived from 2,6-dinitroheptane with K3Fe(CN)6 in a two-phase system (water-ether) yields the cyclized vicinal dinitrocyclopentane in 71-85% yield in a cis-to-trans ratio of 60 4c).64... 

However, in 1939 this difficulty was obviated by Brauns extraction of about 3% lignin from spruce wood by means of the solvent, ethyl alcohol, at room temperature (9). He termed this preparation native lignin. It was found to be soluble in methanol, ethanol, dioxane, dilute sodium hydroxide and pyridine, and insoluble in water, ether, petroleum ether and benzene. Chemically it behaved the same as lignin as it exists in woody tissues. It also reduced Fehling s solution and gave a strong... 

Insoluble in pyridine, 4% NaOH water, ether, benzene Same... 

Detection of the water-ether interface may prove troublesome backlighting of the separatory funnel by an intense light source is recommended. The same volume of ether must be used for each washing, even when the preparation is carried out on a smaller scale, e.g., one-half or one-third the scale described here. 

Add a saturated solution of 40 g Na nitrite to 10 g asarone in 90 ml ether. Add dropwise over four hours 75 ml 20% sulfuric acid with stirring. Let stand eight hours filter and wash precipitate with water, ether, ethanol, and dry. Dissolve 10 g precipitate in 60 ml 8% K... 

From the preceding solubility data we can calculate the distribution, or partition coefficient for oxalic acid in the water-ether extraction. This coefficient (number) is just the ratio of solubilities of the compound you wish to extract in the two layers. Here,... 

Solubilities of LaCl3-7H20 and of NdCl3-6H20 in acetone/water mixtures have been reported, and compared with those for chlorides of barium and of the alkali metals (323). For these trichlorides, the solubility increases as acetone is added to water up to about 15% acetone, then decreases (LaCl3 and NdCl3 are effectively insoluble in acetone itself). There is also some information, presented only in graphical form, on solubilities of praseodymium trichloride in water-rich methanol, ethanol, and ether mixtures (314), and one fact on yttrium trichloride in a water/ether mixture (264). 

DIC is a moderately expensive liquid that is employed in solid-phase synthesis to avoid the obstacles presented by the use of DCC. Both the reagent and the corresponding urea are soluble in organic solvents, and hence there is no bulky precipitate to contend with. The urea cannot be removed from an organic solution by aqueous extraction however, it is soluble enough in water that final traces can be removed from a precipitated peptide by washing the latter with a water-ether mixture. Clean up of spills of DIC can cause temporary blindness if utmost care is not exercised. 

Solubility in water Ethers are usually soluble in water. The solubility of an ether decreases as the size of the alkyl groups increases. 

H acid ORGCHEM H2NCioH4(OH)(S03H)2 a gray powder or crystalline substance that Is soluble in water, ether, and alcohol used as a dye Intermediate. ach as-od ) hafnium chem A metallic element, symbol Hf, atomic number 72, atomic weight 178.49 melting point 2000°C, boiling point above 5400°C. haf ne am )... 

C soluble in water, ether, or alcohol used as a chemical Intermediate, as a solvent, and in cosmetics. Also known as heptyl alcohol. wan hep ta,n6l ( 3-heptanol orgchem CH3CH2CH(OH)C4H9Analcohol a liquid boiling at l56 C Used as a coating, solvent, and diluent, as a chemical Intermediate, and as a flotation frother. thre hep-t3,noI )... 

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