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Suprachiasmatic nuclei

The effects of VIP and PACAP are mediated by three GPCR subtypes, VIP, VIP2, and PACAP receptor, coupled to the activation of adenjiate cyclase (54). The VIP subtype is localized ia the lung, Hver, and iatestiae, and the cortex, hippocampus, and olfactory bulb ia the CNS. The VIP2 receptor is most abundant ia the CNS, ia particular ia the thalamus, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and suprachiasmatic nucleus. PACAP receptors have a wide distribution ia the CNS with highest levels ia the olfactory bulb, the dentate gyms, and the cerebellum (84). The receptor is also present ia the pituitary. The VIP and PACAP receptors have been cloned. [Pg.578]

Superoxide Dismutase Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Supraventricular Tachycardia SUR... [Pg.1503]

Many brain areas are innervated by neurons projecting from both the locus coeruleus and the lateral tegmental system but there are exceptions (Fig. 8.3). The frontal cortex, hippocampus and olfactory bulb seem to be innervated entirely by neurons with cell bodies in the locus coeruleus whereas most hypothalamic nuclei are innervated almost exclusively by neurons projecting from the lateral tegmental system. The paraventricular nucleus (and possibly the suprachiasmatic nucleus, also) is an exception and receives an innervation from both systems. [Pg.164]

Wagner, S, Castel, M, Gainer, H and Yarom, Y (1997) GABA in the mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus and its role in diurnal rhythmicity. Nature 387 598-603. [Pg.250]

Figure 22.1 Pathways projecting to and from the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Inputs from photoreceptors in the retina help to reset the circadian clock in response to changes in the light cycle. Other inputs derive from the lateral geniculate complex and the serotonergic, Raphe nuclei and help to reset the SCN in response to non-photic stimuli. Neurons in the SCN project to the hypothalamus, which has a key role in the regulation of the reproductive cycle, mood and the sleep-waking cycle. These neurons also project to the pineal gland which shows rhythmic changes in the rate of synthesis and release of the hormone, melatonin... Figure 22.1 Pathways projecting to and from the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Inputs from photoreceptors in the retina help to reset the circadian clock in response to changes in the light cycle. Other inputs derive from the lateral geniculate complex and the serotonergic, Raphe nuclei and help to reset the SCN in response to non-photic stimuli. Neurons in the SCN project to the hypothalamus, which has a key role in the regulation of the reproductive cycle, mood and the sleep-waking cycle. These neurons also project to the pineal gland which shows rhythmic changes in the rate of synthesis and release of the hormone, melatonin...
Figure 22.3 Possible links in the induction of circadian rhythm between daylight, the suprachiasmatic nucleus and melatonin release from the pineal gland. Some fibres in the optic nerve, projecting from the eye to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in the thalamus, innervate the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the anterior hypothalamus, via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT). Others project to the SCN from the LGN in the geniculohypothalamic tract (GHT). The release of melatonin into the circulation from the pineal gland (PG) is maximal at night and appears to be controlled partly by noradrenaline released from sympathetic nerves originating in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG). Melatonin receptors are found in the SCN, the removal of which dampens melatonin secretion... Figure 22.3 Possible links in the induction of circadian rhythm between daylight, the suprachiasmatic nucleus and melatonin release from the pineal gland. Some fibres in the optic nerve, projecting from the eye to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in the thalamus, innervate the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the anterior hypothalamus, via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT). Others project to the SCN from the LGN in the geniculohypothalamic tract (GHT). The release of melatonin into the circulation from the pineal gland (PG) is maximal at night and appears to be controlled partly by noradrenaline released from sympathetic nerves originating in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG). Melatonin receptors are found in the SCN, the removal of which dampens melatonin secretion...
Abrahamson, E. E., Leak, R. K. Moore, R. Y. (2001). The suprachiasmatic nucleus projects to posterior hypothalamic arousal systems. Neuroreport 12, 435-40. [Pg.240]

Ebling, F. J. (1996). The role of glutamate in the photic regulation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Prog. Neurobiol 50, 109-32. [Pg.241]

Glass, J. D., Grossman, G. H., Farnbauch L. 8r DiNardo, L. (2003). Midbrain raphe modulation of nonphotic circadian clock resetting and 5-HT release in the mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus. J. Neurosci. 23, 7451-60. [Pg.270]

Hunt, A. E., A1 Ghoul, W. M., Gillette, M. U. Dubocovich, M. L. (2001). Activation of MT2 melatonin receptors in rat suprachiasmatic nucleus phase advances the circadian clock. Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Physiol. 280, 010-18. [Pg.307]

Shibata, S Cassone, V. M. Moore, R. Y. (1989). Effects of melatonin on neuronal activity in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus in vitro. Neurosci. Lett. 97, 140-4. [Pg.311]

Sun, X., Rusak, B. Semba, K. (2000). Electrophysiology and pharmacology of projections from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the ventromedial preoptic area in rat. Neuroscience 98, 715-28. [Pg.311]

Gillette, M. U. Mitchell, J. W. (2002). Signaling in the suprachiasmatic nucleus selectively responsive and integrative. Cell Tiss. Res. 309, 99-107. [Pg.331]

Mitome, M., Shirakawa, T., Oshima, S., Nakamura, W. Oguchi, H. (2001). Circadian rhythm of nitric oxide production in the dorsal region of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in rats. Neurosci. Lett. 303, 161-4. [Pg.333]

Ribeiro, A. C. Kapas, L. (2003). Intra-suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) microinjection of a nitric oxide (NO) donor and NO synthase inhibitor affects sleep in rats. [Pg.334]

Suprachiasmatic nucleus A hypothalamic nucleus involved in the maintenance of circadian (diurnal) rhythms. [Pg.249]

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