Mouse harvest

Fruit and seeds make up the largest part of the diet of most of the common small mammals on our study sites, particularly the deer mouse, harvest mouse, chipmunk, ground squirrel, and western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus anthonyi). The gray squirrel is an excellent example of the interactions within this forest and of the potential effects of oxidant air pollution. It is abundant throughout the mixed-conifer type, depend-... 

Eastern harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys LD50, 30 days after exposure 1... 

J.-C. Tsai, M. J. Cappel, N. D. Weiner, G. L. Flynn, and J. Ferry. Solvent effects on the harvesting of stratum corneum from hairless mouse skin through adhesive tape stripping in vitro. Int. J. Pharm. 68 127-133 (1991). 

The first monoclonals were murine (mouse) antibodies, because the early experiments involved injecting mice with an antigen, harvesting their B cells, and then fusing a harvested B cell with an immortal tumor cell line. There were immediate ahempts to make therapeutic drugs from murine monoclonal antibodies. Scientists at Harvard Medical School tried to apply murine monoclonal antibodies for heahnenf of tumors as early as 1980. But with a very few exceptions, murine antibodies failed as drugs in humans. 

Primary antibody (polyclonal or monoclonal of a specific species, e.g., mouse). Prepare solution (e.g., 10 pg/mL mouse monoclonal) in NGG-sap-PBS, minimum vol of 1 mL for each dish of cells to be examined. Diluted primary antibody in NGG-sap-PBS can be stored frozen, harvested back from the dish, and refrozen and reused several times. 

For all of recorded history mankind has located and identified certain items by their aroma. Whether it is a dead mouse in the closet or a freshly baking loaf of bread in the oven, we often make the identification correctly without seeing or touching the item. We have considered this sense so useful that when we find our own sense of smell to have inadequate sensitivity for a certain task we often borrow the more acute sense of smell from some animal. For centuries we have used dogs for hunting and pigs for truffle harvesting. 

For common preclinical laboratory specimens such as mouse and rat, it is possible to image the skeletal features associated with different developmental stages of serial end-point harvested specimens (Fig. 1). Additionally, with the use of radio-opaque contrast agents, it is possible to image capture the soft tissue features of these specimens (Fig. 2). The combined imaging can be used to illustrate various anatomical features of interest within the same specimen (Fig. 3). This imaging technique therefore has an added potential of conferring multi-modality to an individual micro-CT machine. 

Fig. 1. Imaging of the developmental progress of the mouse axial skeleton by micro-CT can be achieved by serial endpoint harvest, (a) Partial ossification is observed in embryonic day 15 (El 5) specimen skeleton, (b) Rapid growth and ossification can be appreciated between E15 and Et 8 mouse specimens, (c) Postnatal specimens (PO) are also amenable to micro-CT scanning, (d) Eurther developmental stages from juvenile to adult (shown) can be imaged as well.

Cell Culture. Human neuroblastoma IMR-32 (passaged through nude mice the cells were donated by Dr. Steven E. Brooks, Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center, Brooklyn) and mouse neuroblastoma clones NIE-115, NS-20, and N-18) (donated by Dr. Shraga Makover, Hoffmann LaRoche, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey) were maintained in our laboratory as described previously (30,31). Confluent monolayers (6 to 8 x 10 cells per 250-ml Falcon plastic flask) were harvested for enzymatic studies with phosphate-buffered saline [7.0 mM potassium phosphate/0.14 M NaCl - buffer, pH 7.2 (Pi/NaCl)] containing 0.1% EDTA. 

Glycosphingolipid Glycosyltransferase Assays. A 25-33% (vol/vol) homogenate of mouse tumors or harvested cells in 0.32 M sucrose containing 0.1% 2-mer-captoethanol and 0.001 M EDTA (pH 7.0) was used as enzyme source. Membrane fractions for glycolipid gly-cosyltransferase assays were isolated at the junction of 0.32 M and 1.2 M on a discontinuous sucrose density gradient (32,43). 

Kill the mouse 3 d later by cervical dislocation and remove its spleen aseptically for cell harvesting. 

The assay for interferon involves incubating cells overnight with increasing dilutions of interferon and then challenging the cells with, say, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) at 20 p.f.u. per cell. Twenty hours later the culture fluids are harvested and assayed for VSV using a plaque assay ( 14.3.1) on mouse cells. The greatest dilution of interferon which inhibits virus yield by 3.2 fold (0.5 log10) contains 1 unit of interferon (Baron, 1969). 

Fig. 4.2. Growth cycle of mouse L929 cells. Mouse L929 cells were inoculated into 2 oz medical flat bottles (5 X 10s cells in 5 ml Eagle s Minimal Essential Medium containing 10% calf serum). The medium was changed every two days. Bottles were incubated for 60 min with 2 /xCi (6-3H)-thymidine (80 /iCi/pmol) at a final concentration of 5 gM after which they were harvested by trypsinisation, their...

Fig. 7.3. Electronic cell volume plotter. Mouse L929 cells were harvested from stationary phase cultures at zero time and subcultured into medium to which thymidine (5 mM) was added at 8 h. At 24 h the thymidine was removed. At various times the cells were harvested by trypsinisation and their volumes measured using a...

Reactors of this type have been used to produce and harvest the heavy chain of a murine monoclonal antibody using protein G affinity and histidine-tagged human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) using metal affinity chromatography. Implementation of this scheme on a small scale was difficult, but these studies show that the amount of recoverable protein can be increased [62]. As shown in Fig. 4, recoveries of human GM-CSF and a mouse monoclonal antibody heavy chain were increased by three- and seven-fold, re-... 

Lacerta, Ophidia) is apparent in stratum no. 9 at the same time the squirrel (Sciurus) and the harvest mouse (Micromys), which prefer moist places, also appeared. The increase in numbers of the mole (Talpd) is also indicative of an increase in humidity. 

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