Gastrointestinal motor stimulating activity

Omura S, Tsuzuki K, Sunazuka T, Marui S, Toyoda H, Inatomi N, Itoh Z. Macrolides with gastrointestinal motor stimulating activity. J Med Chem 1987 30(ll) 1941-3. 

Omura, S., Tsuzuki, K., and Sunazuka, T. (1987). Macrolides with gastrointestinal motor stimulating activity. J. Med. Chem. 30, 1941-1943. 

Itoh, Z., Suzuki, T., Nakaya, M., Inoue, M., and Mitsuhashi, S. (1984). Gastrointestinal motor-stimulating activity of macrolide antibiotics and analysis of their side effects on the canine gut. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 26, 863-869. 

Tsuzuki, K., Sunazuka, T., Marui, S., Toyoda, H., Omura, S., Inatomi, N., and Itoh, Z. (1989). Motilides, macrolides with gastrointestinal motor stimulating activity. I. 0-Substituted and tertiary A-substituted derivatives of 8,9-anhydroerythromycin A 6,9-hemiacetal. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 37, 2687-2700. 

Motilin is a 22-amino acid residue peptide hormone that is expressed mainly in the gastrointestinal tract, in particular in the small intestine, and stimulates gastric motility. The motilin receptor (MTL-R or GPS 8) is involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal motor activity. Derivatives of the well-known antibiotic erythromycin A have been discovered as... 

Gastrointestinal tract. Serotonin released from myenteric neurons or enterochromaffin cells acts on 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors to enhance bowel motility and enteral fluid secretion Cisapride is a proldnetic agent that promotes propulsive motor activity in the stomach and in small and large intestines. It is used in motility disorders. Its mechanism of action is unclear, but stimulation of 5HT4 receptors may be important... 

Gastrointestinal Tract is affected due to parasympathetic stimulation which causes increased motor activity of the bowel, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. 

Butorphanol increases cardiac work and can cause pulmonary hypertension. At super-therapeutic doses, it can incite dysphoria. Other CNS effects include depression of spontaneous respiratory activity and cough, stimulation of the emetic center, miosis, and sedation. Effects possibly mediated by non-CNS mechanisms include alteration in cardiovascular resistance and capacitance, bronchomotor tone, gastrointestinal secretory and motor activity, and bladder sphincter activity. Butorphanol metabolites have minor analgesic activity [2,3]. 

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