Gallbladder contraction

Suppression of motor activity in general, inhibition of gallbladder contraction, gastric emptying... 

Cholelithiasis can develop as a result of decreased gallbladder contractility, especially in the absence of enteral or oral intake. Lack of intestinal stimulation reduces secretion of cholecys-tokinin, a peptide hormone secreted in the duodenum that induces gallbladder contractility. The best prevention of cholelithiasis is early initiation of enteral or oral feeding, as stated earlier (to stimulate secretion of cholecystokinin, gallbladder contraction and emptying, and intestinal motility). 

Cholecystokinin CCKa (CCKj) Human cDNA Anorexia, gastrointestinal disorders, pancreatitis, satiety, diabetes, obesity, nociception, schizophrenia, Parkinson s disease, addiction, cancer Pancreatic enzyme secretion, potentiation of opiate analgesia, gallbladder contraction, gut motility, growth promoting effects on some tumors, dopamine release... 

Gallbladder contraction ejects a bolus of bile acids into the small bowel where they participate in fat digestion. 

It slows gastrointestinal motility and inhibits gallbladder contraction. 

FUNCTION Stimulates pancreatic secretion of enzymes stimulates gallbladder contraction. Has other effects in ways similar to gastrin and secretin. 

Stimulates gallbladder contraction and intestinal motility stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes, insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptides has a role in indicating satiety the C-terminal 8-amino acid peptide GGR-8 retains full activity... 

Cholecystokininoctapeptide 8 CCK-33 T cellin Suppression of appetite Gallbladder contraction ... 

Cholecystokinin (CCK) Duodenum, jejunum Stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion and gallbladder contraction... 

Pancreatic polypeptide Pancreas Inhibits gallbladder contraction and pancreatic and biliary secretion... 

GI side effects—including diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain—occur in up to 50% of patients receiving octreotide. In most patients, these symptoms diminish over time and do not require cessation of therapy. Approximately 25% of patients receiving octreotide develop gallstones, presumably due to decreased gallbladder contraction and GI transit time. In the absence of symptoms, gallstones are not a contraindication to continued use of octreotide. Compared to somatostatin, octreotide reduces insulin secretion to a lesser extent and only infrequently affects glycemic control. 

Cholecystokinin (CCK) Enteroendocrine 1 cells, enteric nerves, others 1. Inhibits proximal gastric motility 2. Increases antral and pyloric contractions 3. Regulates nutrient-stimulated enzyme secretion and gallbladder contraction 4. Increases postprandial satiety 1. Oral nutrient ingestion 2. GGRP and bombesin from gut... 

Motilin Enteroendocrine M cells in upper small bowel and other cells 1. Induces phase III contractions in stomach 2. Stimulates gastric secretion and pancreatic enzyme secretion 3. Induces gallbladder contraction 4. Duodenal alkalinization 5. Gastric distension 6. Secretion suppressed by nutrients in duodenum... 

Cholagogue Substance that induces gallbladder contraction. 

Several references on herbal safety contraindicate the use of turmeric in persons with biliary tract obstruction (Brinker 2001 De Smet 1993 Mills and Bone 2005) due to reported bile-stimulating activity (De Smet 1993) observed in rats administered the compound curcumin (Bhat et al. 1984), and gallbladder contraction (50% contraction after 40 mg dose) observed in humans administered the compound curcumin (Rasyid et al. 2002). Such concerns are theoretical, and no clinical evidence for turmeric has been reported to support or refute these concerns. 

Intestinal bile salt deficiency associated with impaired gallbladder contraction and slightly augmented fecal bile salt excretion during hypocalcemic steatorrhea of patients with primary hypoparathyroidism (84) will be discussed later (see Section VIIE2a). 

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