Morphology flower-like

Their growth is characterized by the sequence of proliferation, confluency, differentiation. Morphologically they reveal typical brash border cells with columnar shape and microvilli, polarization, cubble-stone morphology with flower-like clusters (Pinto et al. 1983 Hidalgo and Borchardt 1989), presence of... 

Triblock copolymers of ABA-type have basically the same behavior in giving a star-like morphology (Fig. 6a) when dissolving into a selective solvent for the outer A blocks. However, the micellization of ABA-type triblock copolymers in selective solvent for the middle B blocks deals with a much more complex situation [42], A relatively low concentration of the copolymer in the selective solvent and/or a low molecular weight of the A blocks can lead to isolated flower-like micelles (Fig. 6b) with the middle B block being looped - referred to as petals - and with the two outer A blocks taking part of the same micellar core. However, if the copolymer concentration or the A block molecular weight is increased, a micelle association... 

Luo et al. [61] demonstrated a simple method for the preparation of SERS active Ag nanostructures substrates by deposition of Ag nanoparticles into the designed Si holes. The morphologies of the Ag nanostructures were observed with SEM. The diameters of the Ag nanoparticles were found to be 40-60 nm. With increasing deposition time, flower-like Ag nanostructure commenced crystallization to form near the edge of the bottom surface of the Si microholes. These Ag nanostructures exhibited strong SERS enhancement, which provided an excellent platform for monitoring the R6G molecules by SERS technology [62]. 

Cylindrical and tape-like morphologies have been identified in the case of PI-/ -PFS (PI = polyisoprene) where the PFS block crystallizes. " Water-soluble polyferrocenyldimethylsilane-/ -poly(aminoalkylmethacrylate) co-polymers of narrow polydispersity have also been prepared and cylindrical micelles have been identified. " Block co-polymers generated by transition metal-catalyzed ROP, such as PFS-/ -PDMS-/ -PFS triblock materials, have been shown to self-assemble in hexanes to yield a variety of remarkable architectures that include flower-like assemblies where the... 

In summary, ID AIN nanowhiskers, 3D flower-like AlN microstructure, and AlN porous-shell hollow spheres with uniform morphologies have been successfully fabricated by CS methods. The morphologies of products can be controlled by manipulating the combustion parameters. The present processes for synthesis of the AIN micro/nanostructures are facile, productive, reproducible, and energy saving. The as-synthesized AIN nanowhiskers have been applied to produce fillers as reinforcement for electrical packaging. However, in order to realize... 

When one of the dimensions of the material is in nanoscale, the material is known as a nanomaterial. Depending on the procedure for synthesis, the shape and size of the polymeric nanomaterial is altered. Hence the optimization process in the synthesis of any polymeric nanomaterial is critically important for its reproducibility. Various morphologies possessed by the electronically conducting polymeric nanomaterials are nanoparticles, thin films, nanotubes, nanorods, etc. Some special kinds of morphologies such as flower-like, dendritic, fibril-like, etc., are also foimd to exist. Some of the three-dimensional architectures contain the combination of various morphologies of the same polymeric material. The various structures are particularly important to their application. For example, for electrode purposes, the materials should have large surface area and hence three-dimensional nanostructures are preferred. 

Superhydrophobic surfaces based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with flower-like structures were prepared by controlling the aminolysis reaction of surface ester groups and the surface morphology of PMMA. The effects of the aminolysis time and the processing temperature in stearic acid solution on the surface wettability and surface morphology were examined in detail. The combination of rough surface morphology and the presence of hydrophobic carbon chtiins on the top layer was responsible for the super-hydrophobicity. 

The vesicle family also has a wide range of morphological variations such as simple vesicles with a hydrophobic membrane and hydrophilic corona as shown in Figure 7, onion-like vesicles, elongated tubular vesicles, large compound vesicles, genus vesicles, perforated vesicles with a highly folded membrane, and flower-like vesicles. 

A striking example of complex morphologies that can be obtained by selective polymer adsorption showed that flower-like BaS04 particles with a forbidden tenfold symmetry can be produced by a multistep growth process in the presence of a sulfonated PEO-fc-PEI, as shown in Fig. 22a [295]. 

Figure 24 illustrates the strong influence of the fimctional group pattern on an identical polymer backbone on the final crystal morphology [293, 294]. Without additives, rectangular BaS04 plates were formed. With the aid of different DHBCs, flower-like single crystalline structmes, peanut shaped... 

Other micellar morphologies, such as slightly elliptic, rod-like, vesicles, crew-cut micelles, flower-like micelles, etc were reported more recently by different authors [126, 127]. 

Polyaniline (PANI) represents one of the most cited examples of nanostructured polymers, due to its outstanding electronic properties and technological applications that have promoted a wide number of studies and publications. Although a variety of different and peculiar morphologies have been reported, such as brain like [92], cauliflowers [93], nanoflakes, nanospheres and nanorods [94], chrysan-fhemum flower-like [95], plate-like structures and flower-like superstructures [96],... 

Mixed transition metal oxide materials with a spinel structure were considered as well. By calcination of appropriate MOF precursors at 450 C, AMu2-ptcda, Zhao et al. synthesized the spinel oxides AMn204 (A=Zn, Co, or Ni) with a unique gypsum-flower-like morphology derived from the pristine MOFs. The measured electrode capacity was comparable to, but not better than, results obtained with the ZnMn204 material formed by the coprecipitation method followed by calcination (initial capacity of 800 mA h g , and ca. 500 mA h g after 30 cycles). ... 

Pd NPs are commonly used in oxidations of alcohols and can be incorporated into an The morphology of the particles can be suited to different apphcations, e.g., flower-like particles, due to their concave tetrahedral subunits, exhibited a high electrocatalytic activity toward ethanol and methanol oxidation compared with that of the commercial Pd black catalyst.A Pd complex containing triphenylphosphine and a Schiffbase catalyst was used " for the study of the solvent efiect in carbonylation of primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, in the presence of NaOCl as an oxidant. By kinetic study of different proportions between the imidazolium-based IL ([C2mim][PF6]), it was shown that the acceleration of the reaction depends on the mixing proportion and that the best ratio was 1 1. 

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