Flower morphology

Figure 12. HG-2 glyphosate tolerant alfalfa derived from tissue culture selection. A. Abnormal multifoliate leaf structure. B. Abnormal flower morphology.

Combination of atrazine resistance and cytoplasmic male sterility in rapeseed. Transfer of atrazine resistant chloroplasts from bird s rape (B. oapestris) into oilseed rape has been accomplished by back-crossTng (s this volume). The purpose achieved by somatic cell fusion was to combine the atrazine-resistant chloroplasts carried by a B. napus line with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), a mitoohondrlal tralt (l9). The CMS trait was carried by a B. napus line with the cytoplasm of radish (Raphanus sativus). Since both traits, atrazine resistance and CMS, are maternally inherited in sexual crosses, the only way to combine the traits was by protoplast fusion. The desired atrazine-resistant cybrids were identified in a randomly regenerated sample of plants by the presence of the CMS flower morphology and their darker green color at low temperature. Somatic hybrids rather than cybrids were obtained in each clone since no irradiation had been used to facilitate the elimination of one of the parental nuclei. 

Ronse De Craene, L. P. (2010). Floral Diagrams. An Aid to Understanding Flower Morphology and Evolution. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. 

Fig 9.5 Flower morphology of Heterocentron elegans (A)-(B), Clidemia octona (C)-(F) and of Dissotis rotundifolia (G)-(ff). (A) Mature flower bud with four petals (removed) and eight stamens. (B) Detail of flower showing a style surrounded by an extension of the ovary wall at the base. The anthers are provided with basal auriculate appendages. (C) Development of sepal lobes surrounding petal primordia. (D) Initiation of stamens and carpels. Note the... 

Song, P. and Endress, P. K. (2009). Floral development in Adonideae (Ranunculaceae). Flora, 204,506-517. Ronse De Craene, L. P. (2010). Floral Diagrams. An Aid to Understanding Flower Morphology arul Evolution. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. 

Livia Wanntorp currently works as a researcher at the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm, where she leads several projects involving flower morpholog y and systematics of many different groups of flowering plants. She is Associate Editor of the journal Plant Systematics and Evolution and President of the Swedish Systematics Association. 

Flowers-Morphology. 2. Flowers-Evolution. 3. Angiosperms - Morphology. 

BLADE. Expanded part of a leaf or a petal BRACT. Much-reduced leaf, particularly the small or scale-like leaves in a flower cluster or associated with the flowers morphologically a foliar organ... 

The flower morphology is that of a panicle (- inflorescence), like in ->oats. Besides the many applications of r. in the kitchen, it also is used for noodle and malt production. R. seed contains 77% - starch, 8% protein, 0.5% fiber, 1.5% oil and 13% water. Polishing of r. results in r. bran, which contains several useftil products - r. bran oil, r. wax and protein meal. 

T. is a —perennial crop, which grows from a tuber into a ca. 2 m tall plant that is similar to the —sunflower, also in its flower morphology. However, the flower head is only 4-8 cm in diameter. For flower formation, it needs short-day conditions. At low parts of the sprout, shoots will grow from the leaf axils and form tubers at their end (under the soil). These tubers are about the size of —potato tubers, but they form roots and have a yellow, brown or red skin, depending on the variety. Their inner tis-... 

Figure 8.9 Preparation of IL emulsion system by the addition of freshly prepared (DODAjjLaWjQ with snow-flower morphology to model oil in the presence of HjOj and [omimJPFj. (Reprinted with permission from Ref [20]. Copyright 2013 John wiley Sons.)...

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