Large compound vesicles

Membrane bending rigidity Large compound micelles Lower critical solution temperature Large compound vesicles Lipofectamine... 

The vesicle family also has a wide range of morphological variations such as simple vesicles with a hydrophobic membrane and hydrophilic corona as shown in Figure 7, onion-like vesicles, elongated tubular vesicles, large compound vesicles, genus vesicles, perforated vesicles with a highly folded membrane, and flower-like vesicles. 

Figure 14.14 Cryo-TEM images of (a) plain PS-Z -PEO block copolymer showing spherical micelles and PS-Z -PEO/PAA complex with various [AA]/[EO] ratios of (b) 0.2 shows polydisperse spherical micelles, (c) 0.6 shows both spherical micelles and vesicles, (d) 1.0 shows vesicles, (e) 4.0 shows compound vesicles, and (f) 8.0 shows large compound vesicles. Salim et al. [60]. Reproduced with permission of John Wiley and Sons.

Salim NV et al. A simple and effective approach to vesicles and large compound vesicles via complexation of amphiphilic block copolymer with polyelectrolyte in water. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012 33(5) 401 06. 

Palanisamy A, Guo Q. Large compound vesicles from amphiphilic block copolymer/iigid-rod conjugated polymer complexes. J Phys Chem B 2014 18(44) 12796-12803. 

Fig. 7 Some peculiar morphologies observed for crew-cut micelles. Baroclinic tubes (a). Tube-walled vesicles (b). Large compound micelles insert shows their internal structure (c) and interconnected tubules or plumber nightmare (d) (images downloaded from http //ottomaass.chem.mcgill.ca/groups/eisenberg/). Adapted from [35]...

Observation of multiple associated structures (vesicles, rods, large compound micelles)... 

Shapes of vesicular aggregates range from tubular to spherical, from more exotic large compound (LCV) and starfish vesicles to simpler extended lamellae. Both unilamellar [75] and multilamellar ( onions ) [47,76] vesicles have been observed. One of the possible morphologies formed in solution are tubular vesicles, also known as tubes (rods) [77,78], Soft, water-filled polymer tubes of nanometer-range diameters and several tens of millimeters in length have been prepared via self-assembly of amphiphilic ABA triblock copolymer in aqueous media (Fig. 4). The tubes were mechanically and chemically stable and could be loaded with water-soluble substances [23],... 

The obtained PCL diol was modified with a-bromopropionyl to yield a tel-echelic ATRP macroinitiator. After ATRP of styrene, the obtained PS-b-PCL-b-PEG-fc-PCL-fc-PS revealed interesting self-assembly behavior in water forming spherical micelles, rod-like micelles, vesicles, lamellae and large compound micelles depending on the block copolymer composition and concentration (Figure 12.11). The same author also extended this concept to the synthesis of... 

Recently, the multiple morphologies of block ionomers in solution have been investigated extensively (99-101). The equilibrium, near-equilibrium, and nonequilibrium morphologies observed to date are spheres, rods, bicontinuous rods, bilayers, lamellae, vesicles, inverse bicontinuous rods, large compound micelles, aggregates of spheres, large rod-shaped compound micelles, large compoimd vesicles, and many others (101). 

In order to analyse which lipidic compounds are involved in the altered membrane permeability, liposome studies were undertaken Large unilamellar vesicles (80-90 nm LUV) were prepared from purified pollen lipids, employing the technique of repeated extrusion at 500 psi through polycarbonate filters (0 1 /jm pore diameter). The fluorescent dye, 5(6)carboxy-fluorescein (CF), was entrapped during... 

There is quite a large body of literature on films of biological substances and related model compounds, much of it made possible by the sophisticated microscopic techniques discussed in Section IV-3E. There is considerable interest in biomembranes and how they can be modeled by lipid monolayers [35]. In this section we briefly discuss lipid monolayers, lipolytic enzyme reactions, and model systems for studies of biological recognition. The related subjects of membranes and vesicles are covered in the following section. 

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