Morphological index, determination

Same laser for Raman and one optical tweezers 514.5 nm Microdroplets CH-stretching region 2,800-3,000 cm and C = C at 1,628 cm Mie and Raman scattering of microdroplet polymerization. Size, refractive index, and morphology are determined. Droplet evaporation and chemical reactions are studied... 

Determination of Morphological Index and Crystal Growth Rates. We... 

The studies of Tallin and Buehler indicate that microparticle spectroscopic techniques can be used to follow gas/microparticle chemical reactions. The use of morphological resonances to determine the refractive index of a reacting droplet has limited applicability because there must be a unique relationship between composition and refractive index to allow the method to be used to follow chemical reactions. Raman spectroscopy has broader applications, but one must deal with morphological resonances if droplets are... 

Optical microscopy is another method that has been used to determine the distribution of minerals in coal. This method is based on the detailed microscopic examination of polished or thin sections of coal in transmitted and/or reflected light. In principle, observing several of its optical properties, such as morphology, reflectance, refractive index, and anisotropy, makes identification of a mineral type possible. 

In mean field theory, two parameters control the phase behavior of diblock copolymers the volume fraction of the A block /A, and the combined interaction parameter xTak- V. where Xab is the Flory-Huggins parameter that quantifies the interaction between the A and B monomers and N is the polymerization index [30], The block copolymer composition determines the microphase morphology to a great extent. For example, comparable volume fractions of block copolymer components result in lamella structure. Increasing the degree of compositional asymmetry leads to the gyroid, cylindrical, and finally, spherical phases [31]. 

MgO and NaCl are the best examples of this class of ionic solids, which includes NiO, CoO, CaO, BaO, and LiF (24). The morphologies of these solids are represented in Fig. 1, in which the local geometric structures of low-index (100), (010), and (001) faces on edges and corners are illustrated schematically. The morphologies of the microparticles represented in Fig. 1 have been determined on the basis of results obtained experimentally and with computer modeling techniques. 

In this chapter we have reviewed a number of techniques used for optical characterization of organic samples, in particular those concerning the determination of complex optical constants and the dynamics of elementary photoexcitations. It has been stressed that very good optical quality samples are needed in order to obtain reliable estimates of the refractive index. In general, samples with controlled morphology, low defect and impurity concentration, and good optical quality allow more reliable photophysical studies and hence better determination of the intrinsic properties of the material. 

The observed evolution in the morphology is consistent with the overlapping principle, i.e. the crystal habit is determined by the faces with the lowest growing rate (14). The apperance of low-index faces corresponded to the decrease of supersaturation related to the consumption of nutrient by the growing crystals. 

Polarized light microscopy is frequently used for determining the asbestos content of bulk samples of insulation or other building materials (see, for example, NIOSH Method 9002 [NIOSH 1989] and OSHA method ID-191 [OSHA 1994]). This method also enables qualitative identification of asbestos types using morphology, color, and refiactive index. 

The photochemical properties of titania surfaces are of interest for several reasons. They determine the stability of pigmented paint systems [76], the rate at which pollutants can be degraded in systems designed to purify air and water [77], and are the root cause of poorly understood phenomena such as water photolysis [78] and super hydrophilicity [79]. Using thin rutile epilayers with five low index orientations, it has been shown that the relative rates of photochemical reactions catalyzed by titania depend on the surface orientation [80]. In this chapter, experiments used to map the complete orientation dependence of the relative photochemical reactivity of TiO are described [81-83]. In this case, the relevant reactions are carried out at room temperature and this gives us the opportunity to fix both the surface morphological structure and stoichiometry. For the reactions described here, all of the surfaces were... 

Areas of application of reaction calorimetry include determination of calorimetric data for reactions and process design, for the kinetic characterization of chemical reactions and of physical changes, for on-line monitoring of heat release and other analytical parameters needed in subsequent process development as well as for the development and optimization of chemical processes with the objective, for instance, to increase yield or profitability, control the morphology or degree of polymerization and/or index of polydispersity, etc. 

For soot or any other strongly absorbing material with a complex refractive index a complete morphological characterization to determine average Rg, N, a, and D can be made with in situ light scattering." The technique involves combining optical structure factor measurements and absolute... 

Optical properties of blends have been studied to determine the factors leading to turbidity and hence to the design of blends with superior appearance. The analysis of the scattering of light and X-ray provides information about the morphology of the blends, allowing to measure the size and shape of the domain, as well as the differences in refractive index or electron density between components. 

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